CDS 460 - Final Exam
fluency - Answers -smooth flow of speech during conversation
disfluency - Answers -speech behavior that disrupts the fluent forward flow of speech,
such as pauses, interjections, and revisions.
developmental stuttering - Answers -- typically emerges between 2-5 years of age
- may stutter for several months or lifetime
- longer persistence = less likely to resolve
3 normal disfluent behaviors - Answers -1) phrase repetitions
2) interjections
3) revisions
phrase repetitions - Answers -repetitions of units of two or more words
- "I want to-I want to-I want to do it"
interjections - Answers -sounds used as a "filler"
- "put it in the, uh, um, drawer"
revisions - Answers -corrections made to a sentence
- "I gave it to, uh, wait a minute, I gave it to Emily"
5 ways neurological stuttering may be acquired - Answers -1) stroke
2) auto accident
3) projectile wound
4) disease
5) drugs
neurological stuttering - Answers -a disorder of fluency associated with some form of
brain damage
fluency disorder (formal definition) - Answers -a disturbance in the normal fluency and
timing patterns of speech that is inappropriate for the person's age, culture, and
linguistic background
characteristics of fluency disorders - Answers -- sound and syllable repetitions
- sound prolongations
- interjections
- words broken by pauses
, - blocks
- word substitutions to avoid problematic words
- excess physical tension in producing speech
core feature (behavior) - Answers -original/primary source of communication difficulty
3 core feature behaviors of stuttering - Answers -1) part-word repetitions
2) prolongations
3) blocks
part-word repetitions - Answers -repetitions of sounds and syllables in words
- "It's my b-b-b-baby"
- "My-my-my-my brother is here"
prolongations - Answers -sound is held out or prolonged for an unusually long time
- "Paaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaalease give it to me"
blocks - Answers -unusually long pauses between words
- "please -------- give it to me"
cluttering - Answers -rapid bursts of dysrhythmic, sporadic, unorganized, and frequently
unintelligible speech
do children with cluttering tend to realize how abnormal their speech sounds to the
listener? - Answers -no
secondary behaviors - Answers -behaviors that accompany moments of stuttering,
particularly those of adults
2 main types of secondary behaviors - Answers -1) escape behaviors
2) avoidance behaviors
escape behaviors - Answers -- blinking/closing eyes
- flaring nostrils
- tensing lips
- clicking tongue
- nodding head
- shaking head
- tapping foot
avoidance behaviors (2) - Answers -- word and sound avoidance
- situation avoidance
3 types of word and sound avoidance - Answers -1) substitution
fluency - Answers -smooth flow of speech during conversation
disfluency - Answers -speech behavior that disrupts the fluent forward flow of speech,
such as pauses, interjections, and revisions.
developmental stuttering - Answers -- typically emerges between 2-5 years of age
- may stutter for several months or lifetime
- longer persistence = less likely to resolve
3 normal disfluent behaviors - Answers -1) phrase repetitions
2) interjections
3) revisions
phrase repetitions - Answers -repetitions of units of two or more words
- "I want to-I want to-I want to do it"
interjections - Answers -sounds used as a "filler"
- "put it in the, uh, um, drawer"
revisions - Answers -corrections made to a sentence
- "I gave it to, uh, wait a minute, I gave it to Emily"
5 ways neurological stuttering may be acquired - Answers -1) stroke
2) auto accident
3) projectile wound
4) disease
5) drugs
neurological stuttering - Answers -a disorder of fluency associated with some form of
brain damage
fluency disorder (formal definition) - Answers -a disturbance in the normal fluency and
timing patterns of speech that is inappropriate for the person's age, culture, and
linguistic background
characteristics of fluency disorders - Answers -- sound and syllable repetitions
- sound prolongations
- interjections
- words broken by pauses
, - blocks
- word substitutions to avoid problematic words
- excess physical tension in producing speech
core feature (behavior) - Answers -original/primary source of communication difficulty
3 core feature behaviors of stuttering - Answers -1) part-word repetitions
2) prolongations
3) blocks
part-word repetitions - Answers -repetitions of sounds and syllables in words
- "It's my b-b-b-baby"
- "My-my-my-my brother is here"
prolongations - Answers -sound is held out or prolonged for an unusually long time
- "Paaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaalease give it to me"
blocks - Answers -unusually long pauses between words
- "please -------- give it to me"
cluttering - Answers -rapid bursts of dysrhythmic, sporadic, unorganized, and frequently
unintelligible speech
do children with cluttering tend to realize how abnormal their speech sounds to the
listener? - Answers -no
secondary behaviors - Answers -behaviors that accompany moments of stuttering,
particularly those of adults
2 main types of secondary behaviors - Answers -1) escape behaviors
2) avoidance behaviors
escape behaviors - Answers -- blinking/closing eyes
- flaring nostrils
- tensing lips
- clicking tongue
- nodding head
- shaking head
- tapping foot
avoidance behaviors (2) - Answers -- word and sound avoidance
- situation avoidance
3 types of word and sound avoidance - Answers -1) substitution
