HBIO 301 CHAPTER 22 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?
External respiration
Pulmonary ventilation
Protect respiratory surfaces
Produce sound
Provide olfactory sensation
How is O2 obtained from the air?
By diffusion across delicate lung surfaces and carried to cells by the cardiovascular
system
What do cells produce through mechanisms that use O2 and produce CO2?
Produce energy for maintenance, growth, defense, and division
What happens if we hold our breath for a long time? What does this do to our
whole body pH?
Builds up CO2
Elevates our whole body pH
How does external respiration work?
Gas exchange between air and blood at alveoli
O2 in air sacs diffuse into blood, CO2 in blood diffuses into air sacs
What is pulmonary ventilation?
,Moving air to and from lungs
Continuously replaces alveoli (air sacs)
What does the respiratory system protect respiratory surfaces from?
dehydration, temperature changes, pathogens
What is the general path for air flow?
1. Nasal/oral cavity (external nares)
2. Paranasal sinus
3. Pharynx
4. Epiglottis
5. Larynx
6. Glottis
7. Trachea
8. Primary bronchi
9. Secondary bronchi
10. Tertiary bronchi
11. Bronchioles
12. Terminal bronchioles
13. Respiratory bronchioles
14. Alveoli
What happens to air in the nasal cavity?
Moistened, warmed, and filtered
What is the first filter that air encounters?
Vibrissae in the nasal vestibule (also contains sebaceous and sweat glands)
, What are the 2 mucosa in the nasal cavity? What do they contain/do?
Olfactory mucosa - olfactory receptors
Respiratory mucosa - humidifies, warms, and traps particles
What separates the nasal and oral cavities?
hard palate
What are the divisions of the pharynx from superior to inferior?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What separates the nasopharynx from the lower pharynx?
Soft palate
What does the epiglottis mark?
Start of lower respiratory structures
What marks the end of the conducting portion?
Terminal bronchioles
What marks the beginning of the respiratory portion?
Respiratory bronchioles
What are the upper respiratory structures?
nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx
What are the upper respiratory functions?
Filter, warm, humidify, and protect incoming air
Get rid of pathogens
Cool and dehumidify outgoing air
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?
External respiration
Pulmonary ventilation
Protect respiratory surfaces
Produce sound
Provide olfactory sensation
How is O2 obtained from the air?
By diffusion across delicate lung surfaces and carried to cells by the cardiovascular
system
What do cells produce through mechanisms that use O2 and produce CO2?
Produce energy for maintenance, growth, defense, and division
What happens if we hold our breath for a long time? What does this do to our
whole body pH?
Builds up CO2
Elevates our whole body pH
How does external respiration work?
Gas exchange between air and blood at alveoli
O2 in air sacs diffuse into blood, CO2 in blood diffuses into air sacs
What is pulmonary ventilation?
,Moving air to and from lungs
Continuously replaces alveoli (air sacs)
What does the respiratory system protect respiratory surfaces from?
dehydration, temperature changes, pathogens
What is the general path for air flow?
1. Nasal/oral cavity (external nares)
2. Paranasal sinus
3. Pharynx
4. Epiglottis
5. Larynx
6. Glottis
7. Trachea
8. Primary bronchi
9. Secondary bronchi
10. Tertiary bronchi
11. Bronchioles
12. Terminal bronchioles
13. Respiratory bronchioles
14. Alveoli
What happens to air in the nasal cavity?
Moistened, warmed, and filtered
What is the first filter that air encounters?
Vibrissae in the nasal vestibule (also contains sebaceous and sweat glands)
, What are the 2 mucosa in the nasal cavity? What do they contain/do?
Olfactory mucosa - olfactory receptors
Respiratory mucosa - humidifies, warms, and traps particles
What separates the nasal and oral cavities?
hard palate
What are the divisions of the pharynx from superior to inferior?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What separates the nasopharynx from the lower pharynx?
Soft palate
What does the epiglottis mark?
Start of lower respiratory structures
What marks the end of the conducting portion?
Terminal bronchioles
What marks the beginning of the respiratory portion?
Respiratory bronchioles
What are the upper respiratory structures?
nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx
What are the upper respiratory functions?
Filter, warm, humidify, and protect incoming air
Get rid of pathogens
Cool and dehumidify outgoing air
