Dains Chapter 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3m8o4d
1. Basic health assessment: moves from general to specific observation or tests
of body function
uses deductive reasoning
2. advanced assessed: inductive reasoning
moves from specific findings to a general diagnosis
is based hx, physical exam, diagnostic tests and labs
3. diagnostic reasoning: analyzes evidence and previous knowledge to produce
hypothesis
next they order tests, make diagnosis, and recommend tx
4. excellent practitioner: arrives at correct conclusion, uses evidenced based treat-
ment with minimum cost, harm, delay, and inconvenience to pt
5. Diagnostic process: begins with chief complaint, then gather initial evidence
through pt hx, demographic info can help put pt in risk group or rule out certain
diagnosis, vital signs always obtained (height, weight, temp, b/p, pulse, RR, smoking
status, and LMP). Need to also observe general appearance, interactions with family,
and mental and physical status.
6. symptom analysis: COLDSPA
character (how is feels, looks, smells, or sounds), onset, location (where/radiation),
duration, severity (pain scale), pattern(what makes it better, worse, what have you
done to help it), associated factors (other symptoms, limitation of other activities)
also ask pt about there perception of meaning of symptoms
7. physical exam: problem focused or comprehensive
8. physical exam, symptom analysis, history review, and demographics: help
create and strengthen hypothesis
9. Age: most significant variable to narrowing probable problem
10. hypothesis tested for: coherence -physiological links, predisposing factors,
and complications present
adequacy- hypothesis encompasses all normal and abnormal findings
parsimony- simplest explanation of pts findings
diagnostic probability-tests and labs confirm hypothesis
elimination of competing hypothesis-other possible causes are eliminated
11. hypothesis confirmed by: establishing a working diagnosis, treatment, and
evaluation of outcome
12. heuristics: are rules of thumb and guide information gathering.
don't always work if atypical presentation, rare disease, or stereotypes basis influ-
ence judgement (assuming everyone is heterosexual)
13. steps to execute: 1. identify important cues by- COLDSPA, functional assess-
ment, hx to assess pts explanatory model of illness (beliefs about cause, timeline
(acute or chronic, consequences of condition, verbal label (flu) )
1/2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3m8o4d
1. Basic health assessment: moves from general to specific observation or tests
of body function
uses deductive reasoning
2. advanced assessed: inductive reasoning
moves from specific findings to a general diagnosis
is based hx, physical exam, diagnostic tests and labs
3. diagnostic reasoning: analyzes evidence and previous knowledge to produce
hypothesis
next they order tests, make diagnosis, and recommend tx
4. excellent practitioner: arrives at correct conclusion, uses evidenced based treat-
ment with minimum cost, harm, delay, and inconvenience to pt
5. Diagnostic process: begins with chief complaint, then gather initial evidence
through pt hx, demographic info can help put pt in risk group or rule out certain
diagnosis, vital signs always obtained (height, weight, temp, b/p, pulse, RR, smoking
status, and LMP). Need to also observe general appearance, interactions with family,
and mental and physical status.
6. symptom analysis: COLDSPA
character (how is feels, looks, smells, or sounds), onset, location (where/radiation),
duration, severity (pain scale), pattern(what makes it better, worse, what have you
done to help it), associated factors (other symptoms, limitation of other activities)
also ask pt about there perception of meaning of symptoms
7. physical exam: problem focused or comprehensive
8. physical exam, symptom analysis, history review, and demographics: help
create and strengthen hypothesis
9. Age: most significant variable to narrowing probable problem
10. hypothesis tested for: coherence -physiological links, predisposing factors,
and complications present
adequacy- hypothesis encompasses all normal and abnormal findings
parsimony- simplest explanation of pts findings
diagnostic probability-tests and labs confirm hypothesis
elimination of competing hypothesis-other possible causes are eliminated
11. hypothesis confirmed by: establishing a working diagnosis, treatment, and
evaluation of outcome
12. heuristics: are rules of thumb and guide information gathering.
don't always work if atypical presentation, rare disease, or stereotypes basis influ-
ence judgement (assuming everyone is heterosexual)
13. steps to execute: 1. identify important cues by- COLDSPA, functional assess-
ment, hx to assess pts explanatory model of illness (beliefs about cause, timeline
(acute or chronic, consequences of condition, verbal label (flu) )
1/2
