Campbell Biology 10th Edition - Chapter 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_15q8zn
1. evolution: descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants
of ancestral species that were different from the present day ones; the change in the
genetic composition of a population from generation to generation
2. biology: the scientific study of life
3. emergent properties: new properties that arise with each step upward in the
hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity
increases
4. systems biology: an approach to studying biology that aims to model the dy-
namic behavior of whole biological systems abased on a study of the interactions
among the system's parts
5. biosphere: the entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet's
ecosystems
6. eukaryotic cell: A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and mem-
brane-enclosed organelles. Examples of organisms with these cells are protists,
plants, fungi, and animals.
7. prokaryotic cell: A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and mem-
brane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
8. DNA: a nucleic acid molecule, usually a doubled-stranded helix, in which each
polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar
and the nitrogenous bases adenin, cytosine, guanine, and thymine; capable of being
replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins
9. genes: a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide
sequence in DNA
10. gene expression: the process by which information encoded in DNA directs the
synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins
and instead function as RNAs
11. genome: the genetic material of an organism orv irus; the complete complement
of an organism's or virus's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences
12. genomics: the systematic study of whole sets of genes and their interactions
within a species, as well as genome comparisons between species
13. bioinformatics: the use of computers, software, and mathematical models to
process and integrate biological information from large data sets
14. negative feedback: a form of regulation in which accumulation of an end
product of a process slows the process; in physiology, a primary mechanism of
homeostasis, whereby a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts
the initial change
15. positive feedback: a form of regulation in which an end product of a process
speeds up that process; in physiology, a control mechanism in which a change in a
variable triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change
1/3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_15q8zn
1. evolution: descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants
of ancestral species that were different from the present day ones; the change in the
genetic composition of a population from generation to generation
2. biology: the scientific study of life
3. emergent properties: new properties that arise with each step upward in the
hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity
increases
4. systems biology: an approach to studying biology that aims to model the dy-
namic behavior of whole biological systems abased on a study of the interactions
among the system's parts
5. biosphere: the entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet's
ecosystems
6. eukaryotic cell: A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and mem-
brane-enclosed organelles. Examples of organisms with these cells are protists,
plants, fungi, and animals.
7. prokaryotic cell: A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and mem-
brane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
8. DNA: a nucleic acid molecule, usually a doubled-stranded helix, in which each
polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar
and the nitrogenous bases adenin, cytosine, guanine, and thymine; capable of being
replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins
9. genes: a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide
sequence in DNA
10. gene expression: the process by which information encoded in DNA directs the
synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins
and instead function as RNAs
11. genome: the genetic material of an organism orv irus; the complete complement
of an organism's or virus's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences
12. genomics: the systematic study of whole sets of genes and their interactions
within a species, as well as genome comparisons between species
13. bioinformatics: the use of computers, software, and mathematical models to
process and integrate biological information from large data sets
14. negative feedback: a form of regulation in which accumulation of an end
product of a process slows the process; in physiology, a primary mechanism of
homeostasis, whereby a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts
the initial change
15. positive feedback: a form of regulation in which an end product of a process
speeds up that process; in physiology, a control mechanism in which a change in a
variable triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change
1/3
