WGU D265 Critical Thinking: Reason M M M M M
and Evidence | Newest M M M
Which sentence is a non-proposition? II II II II
- If the burglar did not go out the front door, they must have gone out a window.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
- The earth is the third planet from the sun.
II II II II II II II II II
- Where are the keys to my car?
II II II II II II II
- Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world. -
II II II II II II II II II II
M M W here are the keys toMmy car?
II II II II II II II II II
Did the company really close that deal? It has had a great year. Where is the president
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
right now? Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.
II II II II II II II II II II
In the above paragraph, which sentence expresses a proposition?
II II II II II II II II II
- Where is the president right now?
II II II II II II
- Did the company really close that deal?
II II II II II II II
- Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.
II II II II II II II II
- It has had a great year. -
II II II II II II II
M M It has had a great year.
II II II II II II II II
Propositions -
II II
M M Statements that can be true or false.
II II II II II II II II II
Non-propositions -
II II
M M Sentences
They
IIII that are
do not make
II not statements
a claim
II that can be about
true ormatters
false. ofMfact (or fiction).
II II II II IIII II II II II II II IIII II II II II II II II
II W hich sentence expresses a complex proposition? II II II II II
- Birthday parties can be really fun.
II II II II II II
- The cat ate the food, but did not like it.
II II II II II II II II II II
- Too many employees are used to high-stress work environments in the United States.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
- Why did the monkey escape, and who is responsible? - M M The cat ate the food, but did not
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
like it.
II II
If the computer is not fixed, then the company either needs to buy a new one or will not be
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
able to keep up productivity.
II II II II II
Which of the following breaks downMthe complex proposition above into the simple
II II II II II II II II II II II II
propositions?
II
- If the computer is not fixed, then the company needs to buy a new one. The company will
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
not be able to keep up productivity.
II II II II II II II
- The computer is not fixed. The company needs toMbuy a new computer. The company
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
will not be able to keep up productivity.
II II II II II II II II
,- The computer is not fixed. The company either needs to buy a new one or will not be able
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
to keep up productivity.
II II II II
- The company does not have enough computers. -
II II II II II II II II
company
M M The computer
II IIneeds to
is buy
not fixed.
II a newThe
computer. The company will not be able to keep up
II II IIII II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
productivity.
II
Simple propositions -
II II II
whether
M M Simple
IIII they
propositions
II are true orhave
II false
Mno
does
Minternal
not depend
logical structure,
on whether meaning
part of them is true or false.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II IIII II II II II II II II II II
IIThey are simply true or false on their own. II II II II II II II II
Complex propositions -
II II II
they
M M Complex
IIII are composed
IIpropositions
of simple
II havepropositions.
Minternal logical
II W hether
structure,
theymeaning
are true or false depends on
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
IIwhether their parts are true or false. II II II II II II
If the new employee wants to succeed, then they need to show up on time. How many
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
times have we heard the manager complain about tardiness? Nobody likes a 7 a.m. start
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
time, but it was in the job description. W e should remind the new employee how important
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
this is.
II II
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in the above paragraph?
II II II II II II II II II II II
- The new employee wants to succeed.
II II II II II II
- How many times haveMwe heard the manager complain about tardiness?
II II II II II II II II II II II
- The employees look out for each other.
II II II II II II II
- If the new employee wants to succeed, then they need to show up on time. -
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
employee
M
IIM The newwants to succeed.
II II II II II II
The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to navigate, and this negatively affects many of us.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
Many people are unsure exactly how their health insurance coverage works and are not
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
sure where they can go to get care. W hat can be done to improve this? If changes are not
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
made soon, the problem will only get worse.
II II II II II II II II
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in the above paragraph?
II II II II II II II II II II II
- Many people are not sure where they can go to get care.
II II II II II II II II II II II II
- The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to navigate, and this negatively affects many of us.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
- What can be done to improve this?
II II II II II II II
- Many people are unsure exactly how their health insurance coverage works and are not
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
sure where they can go to get care. - M M Many people are not sure where they can goMto get
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
care.
II
Bad inferential structure -
II II II II
bad
M M Every
IIII (invalid
argument
II or weak).
with
II The
thepremises
same structure
do not,as
II in fact,
this argument
demonstrate
is or maybe even support II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
IIthe conclusion. In other words, we can accept the premises as true without being
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
IIcompelled to accept the conclusion. There is something wrong with this argument's II II II II II II II II II II II
IIgeneral structure. II
False premise -
II II II
is
M Msomething
IIII This particular
wrong
II IIII argument
with thishas
argument's
a premise/assumption
particular content.
that is false. There
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
, Conclusion Indicators -
II II II
conclude
M M Therefore,
IIII that,so,
II implies
II it follows
that,that,
wherefore,
hence, thus,
as a result
entails that, we may II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
Premise Indicators -
II II II
M M Because, for, given that, in that, as, since, as indicated by
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
"Since we cannot go out until the restaurant opens, and given that we are trying to save
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
money, we should just hang out here until closer to dinner."
II II II II II II II II II II II
Which statements are the premises of the following argument? Choose 2 answers.
II II II II II II II II II II II
- We cannot go out until the restaurant opens.
II II II II II II II II
- We are trying to save money.
II II II II II II
- We should just hang out here until closer to dinner.
II II II II II II II II II II
- We can haveMa good time without spending money. - M M -
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
W
restaurant
II e cannotopens.
go out until the
II II II II II II
- We are trying to save money.
II II II II II II
Most students in the class scoredMless than 70% on the exam. This means that the exam
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
IIwas too difficult to accurately assess student learning. Therefore, as exams are supposed
II II II II II II II II II II II II
IIto accurately assess student learning, the exam must be revised and readministered.
II II II II II II II II II II II
Which statement is the conclusion of the above argument?
II II II II II II II II
- The exam must be revised and readministered.
II II II II II II II
- Some students in the class scored higher than 70% on the exam.
II II II II II II II II II II II II
- Exams are supposed to accurately assess student learning.
II II II II II II II II
- Most students in the class scoredMless than 70% on the exam. -
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
M
IIM The exam
revised II must be
and readministered.
II II II II II II
II W hich sentences are arguments? Choose 2 answers. II II II II II II
- We know the student cheated on the exam because the instructor caught the student
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
stealing glances at their neighbor's test.
II II II II II II
- The student only cheated on the exam because their financial aid depended on it.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
- No one has ever been to the moon, so we do not know that it is not made of cheese.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
- If you suspect you have been infected with rabies, then you should contact a medical
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
professional immediately.M- M M -
II II II II II II
We know the
instructor
II student
caught cheatedstealing
the student
II on the exam because
glances at theirthe
neighbor's test. IIII II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
- No one has ever been to the moon, so we do not know that it is not made of cheese.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
II W hich pairs of sentences are arguments? Choose 2 answers.
II II II II II II II II
- Every time I walk by here, Chris is doing nothing. Chris must not do anything with the
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
available time.
II II
and Evidence | Newest M M M
Which sentence is a non-proposition? II II II II
- If the burglar did not go out the front door, they must have gone out a window.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
- The earth is the third planet from the sun.
II II II II II II II II II
- Where are the keys to my car?
II II II II II II II
- Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world. -
II II II II II II II II II II
M M W here are the keys toMmy car?
II II II II II II II II II
Did the company really close that deal? It has had a great year. Where is the president
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
right now? Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.
II II II II II II II II II II
In the above paragraph, which sentence expresses a proposition?
II II II II II II II II II
- Where is the president right now?
II II II II II II
- Did the company really close that deal?
II II II II II II II
- Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.
II II II II II II II II
- It has had a great year. -
II II II II II II II
M M It has had a great year.
II II II II II II II II
Propositions -
II II
M M Statements that can be true or false.
II II II II II II II II II
Non-propositions -
II II
M M Sentences
They
IIII that are
do not make
II not statements
a claim
II that can be about
true ormatters
false. ofMfact (or fiction).
II II II II IIII II II II II II II IIII II II II II II II II
II W hich sentence expresses a complex proposition? II II II II II
- Birthday parties can be really fun.
II II II II II II
- The cat ate the food, but did not like it.
II II II II II II II II II II
- Too many employees are used to high-stress work environments in the United States.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
- Why did the monkey escape, and who is responsible? - M M The cat ate the food, but did not
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
like it.
II II
If the computer is not fixed, then the company either needs to buy a new one or will not be
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
able to keep up productivity.
II II II II II
Which of the following breaks downMthe complex proposition above into the simple
II II II II II II II II II II II II
propositions?
II
- If the computer is not fixed, then the company needs to buy a new one. The company will
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
not be able to keep up productivity.
II II II II II II II
- The computer is not fixed. The company needs toMbuy a new computer. The company
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
will not be able to keep up productivity.
II II II II II II II II
,- The computer is not fixed. The company either needs to buy a new one or will not be able
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
to keep up productivity.
II II II II
- The company does not have enough computers. -
II II II II II II II II
company
M M The computer
II IIneeds to
is buy
not fixed.
II a newThe
computer. The company will not be able to keep up
II II IIII II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
productivity.
II
Simple propositions -
II II II
whether
M M Simple
IIII they
propositions
II are true orhave
II false
Mno
does
Minternal
not depend
logical structure,
on whether meaning
part of them is true or false.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II IIII II II II II II II II II II
IIThey are simply true or false on their own. II II II II II II II II
Complex propositions -
II II II
they
M M Complex
IIII are composed
IIpropositions
of simple
II havepropositions.
Minternal logical
II W hether
structure,
theymeaning
are true or false depends on
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
IIwhether their parts are true or false. II II II II II II
If the new employee wants to succeed, then they need to show up on time. How many
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
times have we heard the manager complain about tardiness? Nobody likes a 7 a.m. start
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
time, but it was in the job description. W e should remind the new employee how important
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
this is.
II II
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in the above paragraph?
II II II II II II II II II II II
- The new employee wants to succeed.
II II II II II II
- How many times haveMwe heard the manager complain about tardiness?
II II II II II II II II II II II
- The employees look out for each other.
II II II II II II II
- If the new employee wants to succeed, then they need to show up on time. -
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
employee
M
IIM The newwants to succeed.
II II II II II II
The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to navigate, and this negatively affects many of us.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
Many people are unsure exactly how their health insurance coverage works and are not
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
sure where they can go to get care. W hat can be done to improve this? If changes are not
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
made soon, the problem will only get worse.
II II II II II II II II
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in the above paragraph?
II II II II II II II II II II II
- Many people are not sure where they can go to get care.
II II II II II II II II II II II II
- The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to navigate, and this negatively affects many of us.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
- What can be done to improve this?
II II II II II II II
- Many people are unsure exactly how their health insurance coverage works and are not
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
sure where they can go to get care. - M M Many people are not sure where they can goMto get
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
care.
II
Bad inferential structure -
II II II II
bad
M M Every
IIII (invalid
argument
II or weak).
with
II The
thepremises
same structure
do not,as
II in fact,
this argument
demonstrate
is or maybe even support II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
IIthe conclusion. In other words, we can accept the premises as true without being
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
IIcompelled to accept the conclusion. There is something wrong with this argument's II II II II II II II II II II II
IIgeneral structure. II
False premise -
II II II
is
M Msomething
IIII This particular
wrong
II IIII argument
with thishas
argument's
a premise/assumption
particular content.
that is false. There
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
, Conclusion Indicators -
II II II
conclude
M M Therefore,
IIII that,so,
II implies
II it follows
that,that,
wherefore,
hence, thus,
as a result
entails that, we may II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
Premise Indicators -
II II II
M M Because, for, given that, in that, as, since, as indicated by
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
"Since we cannot go out until the restaurant opens, and given that we are trying to save
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
money, we should just hang out here until closer to dinner."
II II II II II II II II II II II
Which statements are the premises of the following argument? Choose 2 answers.
II II II II II II II II II II II
- We cannot go out until the restaurant opens.
II II II II II II II II
- We are trying to save money.
II II II II II II
- We should just hang out here until closer to dinner.
II II II II II II II II II II
- We can haveMa good time without spending money. - M M -
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
W
restaurant
II e cannotopens.
go out until the
II II II II II II
- We are trying to save money.
II II II II II II
Most students in the class scoredMless than 70% on the exam. This means that the exam
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
IIwas too difficult to accurately assess student learning. Therefore, as exams are supposed
II II II II II II II II II II II II
IIto accurately assess student learning, the exam must be revised and readministered.
II II II II II II II II II II II
Which statement is the conclusion of the above argument?
II II II II II II II II
- The exam must be revised and readministered.
II II II II II II II
- Some students in the class scored higher than 70% on the exam.
II II II II II II II II II II II II
- Exams are supposed to accurately assess student learning.
II II II II II II II II
- Most students in the class scoredMless than 70% on the exam. -
II II II II II II II II II II II II II
M
IIM The exam
revised II must be
and readministered.
II II II II II II
II W hich sentences are arguments? Choose 2 answers. II II II II II II
- We know the student cheated on the exam because the instructor caught the student
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
stealing glances at their neighbor's test.
II II II II II II
- The student only cheated on the exam because their financial aid depended on it.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
- No one has ever been to the moon, so we do not know that it is not made of cheese.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
- If you suspect you have been infected with rabies, then you should contact a medical
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
professional immediately.M- M M -
II II II II II II
We know the
instructor
II student
caught cheatedstealing
the student
II on the exam because
glances at theirthe
neighbor's test. IIII II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
- No one has ever been to the moon, so we do not know that it is not made of cheese.
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
II W hich pairs of sentences are arguments? Choose 2 answers.
II II II II II II II II
- Every time I walk by here, Chris is doing nothing. Chris must not do anything with the
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II
available time.
II II
