Psychology of Personality Exam #1 Ch. 1-6 Questions
and Answers
Psychoanalytic Approach (genetics) - Answers-Unconscious mind is responsible for
important differences in behavior styles.
.Trait Approach (genetics) - Answers-An individual lies along a continuum of various
personality characteristics.
.Biological Approach (genetic) - Answers-Inherited predispositions and physiological
processes contribute to differences in personality.
.Humanistic Approach (environment) - Answers-Personal responsibility and feelings of
self-acceptance cause differences in personality.
.Behavioral/Social Learning Approach (environment) - Answers-Consistent behavior
patterns are the result of conditioning and expectations.
.Cognitive Approach (environment) - Answers-People process information to explain
differences in behavior.
.Individualistic Cultures - Answers--Emphasize on individual needs and
accomplishments.
-Perceive themselves as independent and unique.
-Northern European countries and the U.S.
.Collectivist Cultures - Answers-- Emphasize on belonging to a larger group.
- Family, nation very important.
- Includes Asian, African, Central American and Southern American countries.
.Genetic vs. Envirornment - Answers-Both effect what sort of person we become. It is
passé to say it is one or the other.
.Conscious Vs. Unconscious - Answers-Both effect what sort of person we become. It is
passé to say it is one or the other.
.Theory - Answers-General statement about the relationship between constructs or
events.
.Hypothesis - Answers-A formal prediction about the relationship between two or more
variables that is logically derived form a theory.
.Independent Variable - Answers-Determines how the groups in the experiment are
divided. (Amount of caffeine the participants receive).
, .Dependent Variable - Answers-Measured by the investigator and used to compare the
experimental groups. (Did the caffeine affect the memory retention of the groups who
received it more compared to those who did not receive any at all [control group] ).
.Statistical Significance - Answers--Difference between two averages is large enough to
consider that it was not caused by chance.
-Reflects a true difference between two observations.
- p>(greater) .05% statistically significant.
-p < (less than) .05% not statistically significant.
.Correlations Coefficients - Answers--Statistical tests that helps understand the
relationship between two measures.
-Statistical data is reduced to a single number that ranges from 1.00 to -1.00
.Reliability - Answers-A test has good reliability when it measures consistently.
.Validity - Answers-The extent to which a test measures what it is designed to measure.
.Freud's Topographic Model of Psychology: Conscious - Answers-Thoughts a person is
currently aware of.
.Freud's Topographic Model of Psychology: Preconscious - Answers-Retrievable
information. You know it but it is not currently on your mind, (What's the capitol of
Iowa?)
.Freud's Topographic Model of Psychology: Unconscious - Answers-Thoughts that
cannot be easily brought into awareness; except under extreme situations such as
hypnosis.
.Freud's Structural Mode: ID - Answers--Personality structure at birth.
- Actions are based on pleasure principle and wish fulfillment. (I want to eat this whole
cake now. Devil on your shoulder)
.Freud's Structural Mode: Ego - Answers--Satisfies id impulses, but takes into
consideration the realities of the world.
-Actions are based on reality principle.
-Mediator between the ID (devil) and the Superego (Angel)
.Freud's Structural Mode: Superego - Answers--Represents society's values and
standards.
-Provides ideals to determine if a behavior is virtuous. (Angel on your shoulder)
.Defense Mechanisms: Represssion - Answers-- Ego pushes threatening material out of
consciousness.
-Drains ability to function.
and Answers
Psychoanalytic Approach (genetics) - Answers-Unconscious mind is responsible for
important differences in behavior styles.
.Trait Approach (genetics) - Answers-An individual lies along a continuum of various
personality characteristics.
.Biological Approach (genetic) - Answers-Inherited predispositions and physiological
processes contribute to differences in personality.
.Humanistic Approach (environment) - Answers-Personal responsibility and feelings of
self-acceptance cause differences in personality.
.Behavioral/Social Learning Approach (environment) - Answers-Consistent behavior
patterns are the result of conditioning and expectations.
.Cognitive Approach (environment) - Answers-People process information to explain
differences in behavior.
.Individualistic Cultures - Answers--Emphasize on individual needs and
accomplishments.
-Perceive themselves as independent and unique.
-Northern European countries and the U.S.
.Collectivist Cultures - Answers-- Emphasize on belonging to a larger group.
- Family, nation very important.
- Includes Asian, African, Central American and Southern American countries.
.Genetic vs. Envirornment - Answers-Both effect what sort of person we become. It is
passé to say it is one or the other.
.Conscious Vs. Unconscious - Answers-Both effect what sort of person we become. It is
passé to say it is one or the other.
.Theory - Answers-General statement about the relationship between constructs or
events.
.Hypothesis - Answers-A formal prediction about the relationship between two or more
variables that is logically derived form a theory.
.Independent Variable - Answers-Determines how the groups in the experiment are
divided. (Amount of caffeine the participants receive).
, .Dependent Variable - Answers-Measured by the investigator and used to compare the
experimental groups. (Did the caffeine affect the memory retention of the groups who
received it more compared to those who did not receive any at all [control group] ).
.Statistical Significance - Answers--Difference between two averages is large enough to
consider that it was not caused by chance.
-Reflects a true difference between two observations.
- p>(greater) .05% statistically significant.
-p < (less than) .05% not statistically significant.
.Correlations Coefficients - Answers--Statistical tests that helps understand the
relationship between two measures.
-Statistical data is reduced to a single number that ranges from 1.00 to -1.00
.Reliability - Answers-A test has good reliability when it measures consistently.
.Validity - Answers-The extent to which a test measures what it is designed to measure.
.Freud's Topographic Model of Psychology: Conscious - Answers-Thoughts a person is
currently aware of.
.Freud's Topographic Model of Psychology: Preconscious - Answers-Retrievable
information. You know it but it is not currently on your mind, (What's the capitol of
Iowa?)
.Freud's Topographic Model of Psychology: Unconscious - Answers-Thoughts that
cannot be easily brought into awareness; except under extreme situations such as
hypnosis.
.Freud's Structural Mode: ID - Answers--Personality structure at birth.
- Actions are based on pleasure principle and wish fulfillment. (I want to eat this whole
cake now. Devil on your shoulder)
.Freud's Structural Mode: Ego - Answers--Satisfies id impulses, but takes into
consideration the realities of the world.
-Actions are based on reality principle.
-Mediator between the ID (devil) and the Superego (Angel)
.Freud's Structural Mode: Superego - Answers--Represents society's values and
standards.
-Provides ideals to determine if a behavior is virtuous. (Angel on your shoulder)
.Defense Mechanisms: Represssion - Answers-- Ego pushes threatening material out of
consciousness.
-Drains ability to function.
