Personality Psychology Exam 3 Questions And Answers

Personality Psychology Exam 3 Questions And Answers According to the humanists, fully functioning individuals do NOT: a. Trust their feelings b. Accept and live by the social norms instilled by good parents c. Live each moment as it comes d. Express their anger - Answers-Accept and live by the social norms instilled by good parents .Self-efficacy therapy is designed to help people _____ a. Learn to interact better with others b. Develop their skills and natural abilities c. Believe that they can have an impact on the environment and change problem behaviors d. Deal with the environment more efficiently - Answers-Believe that they can have an impact on the environment and change problem behaviors .Critics of behaviorism point out that a. Behaviorists give too much attention to the role of heredity b. There are limits on the usefulness and effectiveness of basic conditioning principles c. Behaviorists need to do more research with lab animals and less with human participants d. Behaviorists have failed to test many of their ideas with empirical studies - Answers-There are limits on the usefulness and effectiveness of basic conditioning principles .According to Maslow, a man who has satisfied his physiological and safety needs will probably become highly aware of his need for _____ a. Friends and a romantic relationship b. Self-respect c. Respect from his peers d. Self-actualization - Answers-Friends and a romantic relationship .Mutchnick's triangle of cognitive behaviorism suggest all of the following EXCEPT: a. Mood affects behavior b. Behavior affects mood c. Thoughts can be changed d. Thoughts are independent of mood and behavior - Answers-Thoughts are independent of mood and behavior .Every time a boy visited his grandfather, he would pass a house with a large dog in the yard that would bark and scare the boy. Years later, the boy becomes anxious whenever he visits his grandfather, even though the dog is no longer there. The boy learned to become anxious in this situation through which process? a. Classical conditioning b. Operant conditioning c. Observational learning d. Punishment - Answers-Classical conditioning .A person can learn a behavior without ever performing it. This concept is part of which approach to personality? a. Skinner's radical behaviorism b. Bandura's social cognitive theory c. Rotter's social learning theory d. Watson's behaviorism - Answers-Bandura's social cognitive theory .Schemas help us to do all the following except one. Which one? a. Perceive features in our environment b. Organize information c. Retrieve information from memory d. Avoid stereotyping - Answers-Avoid stereotyping .Which of the following concepts is generally accepted by advocates of the humanistic approach to psychology? a. No one can know a client in therapy better than the client himself or herself b. It is the therapist's job to explain to the client the new goals the client must set for him- or herself c. People should spend more time thinking about the future and planning the directions of their lives d. People need to see how their past sets the course for where their lives are going - Answers-No one can know a client in therapy better than the client himself or herself .Watson paired a loud noise with the appearance of a white rat to create a fear of the animal in a boy known as Little Albert. Watson performed this experiment to demonstrate that _____ a. Phobias can develop through classical conditioning b. Phobias can develop through operant conditioning c. Learning can take place in the absence of language skills d. Behaviors can be conditioned in children as young as 11 months old - Answers-Phobias can develop through classical conditioning .Which of the following treatments for problem behaviors would be an application of operant conditioning? a. Aversion therapy b. Systematic desensitization c. Biofeedback d. All of these - Answers-Biofeedback .A boy hits his younger sister. What might a Rogerian (Carl Rogers) therapist recommend the parents say to the child? a. "Hitting your sister is wrong. You are a bad boy." b. "You need another way to express your feelings." c. "I love you, but I do not like it when you hit your sister" d. "You will be punished if you do that again." - Answers-"I love you, but I do not like it when you hit your sister" .Token economy treatment programs are based on what concept? a. Classical conditioning b. Operant conditioning c. Self-efficacy d. Observational learning - Answers-Operant conditioning .Positive and negative reinforcement are similar in that both procedures _____ a. Are used to increase the frequency of behavior b. Are used to decrease the frequency of behavior c. Take away something for inappropriate behaviors d. Are ineffective unless backed up with classical conditioning - Answers-Are used to increase the frequency of behavior .Which of the following was advocated by George Kelly? a. People are largely controlled by the environmental stimuli they encounter b. People are motivated to make sense out of all the stimuli that impinge on them c. People are happier when they accept that life is full of unexpected turns and surprises d. Most of what determines our behavior is not readily accessible to consciousness - Answers-People are motivated to make sense out of all the stimuli that impinge on them .There are many common misconceptions of Maslow's need for hierarchy. Among them is the assumption that _____ a. Our lower needs must be satisfied totally before we can turn to higher needs b. How well our lower needs are satisfied determines how much those needs influence our behavior c. All needs are included at some level in the need hierarchy d. All cultures have the same basic need hierarchy - Answers-Our lower needs must be satisfied totally before we can turn to higher needs .After a new stimulus-response association is classically conditioned, it must be paired with the old stimulus occasionally or reinforced to avoid _____ a. Second-order conditioning b. Extinction c. Stimulus generalization d. Stimulus discrimination - Answers-Extinction .Systematic desensitization is used by behavior therapists to help clients suffering from which problem? a. Phobia b. Anxiety c. Shyness d. An undesirable behavior, such as a bad habit - Answers-Phobia .Which of the following is a Rogerian psychotherapist likely to use during therapy? a. Conditional positive regard b. Rephrasing and reflecting client's words back to them c. Dream interpretation d. Conditions of worth - Answers-Rephrasing and reflecting client's words back to them .A psychologist teaches a snake-phobic client to relax. She then has the client imagine increasingly vivid scenes about snakes while relaxing. The psychologist is using which type of therapy? a. Systematic desensitization b. Aversion therapy c. Reinforcement therapy d. Biofeedback - Answers-Systematic desensitization .Your self-schema consists of those aspects of your behavior that are _____ a. Innate b. Most important to you c. Similar to your parents d. Unique to you alone - Answers-Most important to you .As a client becomes more fully functioning during the course of several psychotherapy se