PPR, PPR Texes 160 (2025 update) COMPLETE
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Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, developed a
Piaget's Theory of
theory of how cognition develops and changes over
Cognitive Development
time.
Piaget proposed that a child's intellect progresses
through four stages:
Four Stages of Piaget's
1) Sensorimotor (0-2)
Theory of Cognitive
2) Preoperational (2-7)
Development
3) Concrete operational (7-11)
4) Formal operational (11-adulthood)
How does Piaget think Children learn through active interaction and
kids learn? manipulation of the environment.
The stage the child is in determines how they see
What do Piaget's stages the world. Piaget believed that all students pass
mean? through the stages in order and cannot skip any
stage.
Mental patterns that guide behavior; cognitive
Schemes structures that help children process and organize
information to make sense of the environment.
Understanding new experiences in terms of existing
Assimilation
schemes.
Modifying existing schemes to fit new situations in
Accommodation
the environment.
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The process of adjusting schemes in response to the
environment through assimilation or
Adaptation
accommodation. According to Piaget, this is how
learning occurs.
The process of restoring balance between present
understanding and new experiences. According to
Piaget, learning depends on this process so it is
Equilibration
important for teachers to confront students with
new experiences or data to advance their cognitive
development.
An imbalance between what a child understands
Disequilibrium and what the child encounters through new
experiences.
The earliest stage (0-2) of cognitive development
during which infants learn about the environment by
Sensorimotor Stage using their senses and motor skills. Children develop
object permanence and progress from reflexive
behavior to goal-directed behavior.
The fact that objects are physically stable and exist
even when the objects are not in the child's physical
Object Permanence presence. This enables the child to start using
symbols to represent things in their minds so they
can think about them.
The second stage (2-7) of cognitive development in
which children learn to represent things in their
Preoperational Stage mind. During this stage students develop the ability
to use symbols to represent objects in the world.
Thinking remains egocentric and centered.
Egocentric Believing that everyone sees the world as you do.
The concept that certain properties of an object
Conservation remain the same regardless of changes in other
properties.
Paying attention to only one aspect of an object or
Centration
situation; what is commonly called tunnel vision.
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