Human Physiology: an Integrated Approach - Chapter 1
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Human Physiology: an Integrated Approach - Chapter 1
1. Physiology: Study of normal functioning of a living organism including all its
chemical and physical properties
2. Composition of the Human Body: •Water constitutes about 60% (males) and
50% (females) of the body weight
•18% is protein and related substances
•7% is minerals
•~15% (males) and ~25% (females) is fat
3. Total body water (TBW): about 50% to 70% of body weight
4. Intracellular fluid (ICF): is contained within the cells - 2/3 of TBW = 40% of body
weight
5. Extracellular fluid (ECF): is outside the cells - 1/3 of TBW = 20% of body weight
6. Extracellular fluid categories:: i. Plasma - the fluid circulating in the blood vessels
ii. Interstitial fluid - the fluid that actually bathes the cells
iii. Transcellular fluid - the fluid within spaces surrounded by epithelial cells
7. Water acts as a solvent which is important for:: i. Nutrition: e.g carbohydrates,
proteins, minerals and vitamins
ii. Digestion: action of enzymes - especially the hydrolytic ones
iii. Absorption: all the nutritive material iv. Excretion: products
from the body
v. Osmolarity: This is a property of solutions. Undissolved substances have no osmotic
property
vi. Mobility: ions, molecules and particles
8. Fick's principle: Volume = The amount of the indicator / The concentration of the
indicator in the plasma
9. Homeostasis: the control of a vital parameter
10. Homeostasis Vital Parameters:
1. Arterial blood pressure
2. Blood
volume
3.Plasma
levels of
i. oxygen
ii. glucose
iii. Potassium
ions (K+)
1/3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_71cjva
Human Physiology: an Integrated Approach - Chapter 1
1. Physiology: Study of normal functioning of a living organism including all its
chemical and physical properties
2. Composition of the Human Body: •Water constitutes about 60% (males) and
50% (females) of the body weight
•18% is protein and related substances
•7% is minerals
•~15% (males) and ~25% (females) is fat
3. Total body water (TBW): about 50% to 70% of body weight
4. Intracellular fluid (ICF): is contained within the cells - 2/3 of TBW = 40% of body
weight
5. Extracellular fluid (ECF): is outside the cells - 1/3 of TBW = 20% of body weight
6. Extracellular fluid categories:: i. Plasma - the fluid circulating in the blood vessels
ii. Interstitial fluid - the fluid that actually bathes the cells
iii. Transcellular fluid - the fluid within spaces surrounded by epithelial cells
7. Water acts as a solvent which is important for:: i. Nutrition: e.g carbohydrates,
proteins, minerals and vitamins
ii. Digestion: action of enzymes - especially the hydrolytic ones
iii. Absorption: all the nutritive material iv. Excretion: products
from the body
v. Osmolarity: This is a property of solutions. Undissolved substances have no osmotic
property
vi. Mobility: ions, molecules and particles
8. Fick's principle: Volume = The amount of the indicator / The concentration of the
indicator in the plasma
9. Homeostasis: the control of a vital parameter
10. Homeostasis Vital Parameters:
1. Arterial blood pressure
2. Blood
volume
3.Plasma
levels of
i. oxygen
ii. glucose
iii. Potassium
ions (K+)
1/3
