NURS 617 PHARM EXAM 2 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT EXPLAINED
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS!!
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Which elevated value may be protective of the development of
atherosclerosis?
a. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs
d. Triglycerides - ANSWER ✔ c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs
Low levels of HDL cholesterol are also a strong indicator of coronary risk,
whereas high levels of HDLs may be more protective for the development of
atherosclerosis than low levels of LDLs.
2. Which laboratory test is an indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque?
a. Homocysteine
b. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
c. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
d. C-reactive protein (CRP) - ANSWER ✔ d. C-reactive protein (CRP)
Highly sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) is an acute phase reactant or protein mostly
synthesized in the liver and, of the available options, is an indirect measure
of atherosclerotic plaque-related inflammation.
3. Cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions and still return to a viable
state for how many minutes?
, a. 10
b. 15
c. 20
d. 25 - ANSWER ✔ c. 20
Cardiac cells remain viable for approximately 20 minutes under ischemic
conditions. If blood flow is restored, then aerobic metabolism resumes,
contractility is restored, and cellular repair begins. If the coronary artery
occlusion persists beyond 20 minutes, then myocardial infarction (MI)
occurs.
4. Which form of angina occurs most often during sleep as a result of
vasospasms of one or more coronary arteries?
a. Unstable
b. Stable
c. Silent
d. Prinzmetal - ANSWER ✔ d. Prinzmetal
Of the options available, only Prinzmetal angina (also called variant angina)
is chest pain attributable to transient ischemia of the myocardium that occurs
unpredictably and almost exclusively at rest.
5. When is the scar tissue that is formed after a myocardial infarction (MI)
most vulnerable to injury?
a. Between 5 and 9 days
b. Between 10 and 14 days
c. Between 15 and 20 days
d. Between 20 and 30 days - ANSWER ✔ b. Between 10 and 14 days
During the recovery period (10 to 14 days after infarction), individuals feel
more capable of increasing activities and thus may stress the newly formed
scar tissue.
6. Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down
syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta (COA) and pulmonary stenosis (PS)
, b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect (ASD) and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) -
ANSWER ✔ d. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus
arteriosus (PDA)
Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy 13,
trisomy 18, and Down syndrome include VSD and PDA (see Table 33-2).
7. An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper
sternal border throughout systole and diastole, as well as a bounding pulse
and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with which
congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
b. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
c. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
d. Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect - ANSWER ✔ c. Patent ductus
arteriosus (PDA)
If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen, then infants with PDA will
characteristically have a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the
left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. If the PDA is
significant, then the infant also will have bounding pulses, an active
precordium, a thrill on palpation, and signs and symptoms of pulmonary
overcirculation.
8. An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located
between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border.
A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical
findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
b. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
c. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
d. Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect - ANSWER ✔ a. Atrial septal
defect (ASD)
, Because most children with ASD are asymptomatic, diagnosis is usually
made during a routine physical examination by the auscultation of a
crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur that reflects increased
blood flow through the pulmonary valve. The location of the murmur is
between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border.
A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also characteristic of
ASD, reflecting volume overload to the right ventricle and causing
prolonged ejection time and a delay of pulmonic valve closure.
9. An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can
be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These
clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
b. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
c. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
d. Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect - ANSWER ✔ b. Ventricular
septal defect (VSD)
On physical examination, a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic
thrill can be detected at the left lower sternal border. The intensity of the
murmur reflects the pressure gradient across the VSD. An apical diastolic
rumble may be present with a moderate-to-large defect, reflecting increased
flow across the mitral valve.
10.Where can coarctation of the aorta (COA) be located?
a. Exclusively on the aortic arch
b. Proximal to the brachiocephalic artery
c. Between the origin of the aortic arch and the bifurcation of the aorta
in the lower abdomen
d. Between the origin of the aortic arch and the origin of the first
intercostal artery - ANSWER ✔ c. Between the origin of the aortic
arch and the bifurcation of the aorta in the lower abdomen
COA can occur anywhere between the origin of the aortic arch and the
bifurcation of the aorta in the lower abdomen.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT EXPLAINED
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS!!
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Which elevated value may be protective of the development of
atherosclerosis?
a. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs
d. Triglycerides - ANSWER ✔ c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs
Low levels of HDL cholesterol are also a strong indicator of coronary risk,
whereas high levels of HDLs may be more protective for the development of
atherosclerosis than low levels of LDLs.
2. Which laboratory test is an indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque?
a. Homocysteine
b. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
c. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
d. C-reactive protein (CRP) - ANSWER ✔ d. C-reactive protein (CRP)
Highly sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) is an acute phase reactant or protein mostly
synthesized in the liver and, of the available options, is an indirect measure
of atherosclerotic plaque-related inflammation.
3. Cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions and still return to a viable
state for how many minutes?
, a. 10
b. 15
c. 20
d. 25 - ANSWER ✔ c. 20
Cardiac cells remain viable for approximately 20 minutes under ischemic
conditions. If blood flow is restored, then aerobic metabolism resumes,
contractility is restored, and cellular repair begins. If the coronary artery
occlusion persists beyond 20 minutes, then myocardial infarction (MI)
occurs.
4. Which form of angina occurs most often during sleep as a result of
vasospasms of one or more coronary arteries?
a. Unstable
b. Stable
c. Silent
d. Prinzmetal - ANSWER ✔ d. Prinzmetal
Of the options available, only Prinzmetal angina (also called variant angina)
is chest pain attributable to transient ischemia of the myocardium that occurs
unpredictably and almost exclusively at rest.
5. When is the scar tissue that is formed after a myocardial infarction (MI)
most vulnerable to injury?
a. Between 5 and 9 days
b. Between 10 and 14 days
c. Between 15 and 20 days
d. Between 20 and 30 days - ANSWER ✔ b. Between 10 and 14 days
During the recovery period (10 to 14 days after infarction), individuals feel
more capable of increasing activities and thus may stress the newly formed
scar tissue.
6. Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down
syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta (COA) and pulmonary stenosis (PS)
, b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect (ASD) and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) -
ANSWER ✔ d. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus
arteriosus (PDA)
Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy 13,
trisomy 18, and Down syndrome include VSD and PDA (see Table 33-2).
7. An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper
sternal border throughout systole and diastole, as well as a bounding pulse
and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with which
congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
b. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
c. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
d. Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect - ANSWER ✔ c. Patent ductus
arteriosus (PDA)
If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen, then infants with PDA will
characteristically have a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the
left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. If the PDA is
significant, then the infant also will have bounding pulses, an active
precordium, a thrill on palpation, and signs and symptoms of pulmonary
overcirculation.
8. An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located
between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border.
A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical
findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
b. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
c. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
d. Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect - ANSWER ✔ a. Atrial septal
defect (ASD)
, Because most children with ASD are asymptomatic, diagnosis is usually
made during a routine physical examination by the auscultation of a
crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur that reflects increased
blood flow through the pulmonary valve. The location of the murmur is
between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border.
A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also characteristic of
ASD, reflecting volume overload to the right ventricle and causing
prolonged ejection time and a delay of pulmonic valve closure.
9. An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can
be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These
clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
b. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
c. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
d. Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect - ANSWER ✔ b. Ventricular
septal defect (VSD)
On physical examination, a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic
thrill can be detected at the left lower sternal border. The intensity of the
murmur reflects the pressure gradient across the VSD. An apical diastolic
rumble may be present with a moderate-to-large defect, reflecting increased
flow across the mitral valve.
10.Where can coarctation of the aorta (COA) be located?
a. Exclusively on the aortic arch
b. Proximal to the brachiocephalic artery
c. Between the origin of the aortic arch and the bifurcation of the aorta
in the lower abdomen
d. Between the origin of the aortic arch and the origin of the first
intercostal artery - ANSWER ✔ c. Between the origin of the aortic
arch and the bifurcation of the aorta in the lower abdomen
COA can occur anywhere between the origin of the aortic arch and the
bifurcation of the aorta in the lower abdomen.
