Biological Molecules
Week W2
Main Info
Macromolecules: Very large molecules made of many individual atoms
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Carbon is the main component of molecules
Some macromolecules are polymers
long chains of repeating subunits (monomers)
e.x. DNA, RNA, Protein, Polysaccharides (Starch, cellulose)
There are 4 different types of reactions involved in making/breaking
macromolecules
Anabolic Reactions
Produce large molecules by joining monomers
Catabolic Reaction
Large molecules broken down into smaller monomers/subunits
Condensation Reaction
Involves the formation of an H2O molecule when 2 subunits are
chemically joined together
Example of an Anabolic Reaction
Biological Molecules 1
, Also called a dehydration reaction
Hydrolysis Reaction
involves the addition of an H2O Molecule when a large molecule is
broken down into 2 subunits
Example of a Catabolic Reaction
Carbohydrate Structures
Among the most common organic materials on earth
Functions
Sources of energy
Building materials (Cell walls)
cell surface markers
Contain a 1:2:1 ratio of C:H:O (C6H12O6)
Main types
Monosaccharides - Single sugars
Classified by the type of functional group they possess:
Aldehyde (Aldose Sugars)
Will have a double bonded O at the end of the chain
Ketone (Ketose Sugars)
Will have a double bonded O in the middle of the chain
Biological Molecules 2
Week W2
Main Info
Macromolecules: Very large molecules made of many individual atoms
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Carbon is the main component of molecules
Some macromolecules are polymers
long chains of repeating subunits (monomers)
e.x. DNA, RNA, Protein, Polysaccharides (Starch, cellulose)
There are 4 different types of reactions involved in making/breaking
macromolecules
Anabolic Reactions
Produce large molecules by joining monomers
Catabolic Reaction
Large molecules broken down into smaller monomers/subunits
Condensation Reaction
Involves the formation of an H2O molecule when 2 subunits are
chemically joined together
Example of an Anabolic Reaction
Biological Molecules 1
, Also called a dehydration reaction
Hydrolysis Reaction
involves the addition of an H2O Molecule when a large molecule is
broken down into 2 subunits
Example of a Catabolic Reaction
Carbohydrate Structures
Among the most common organic materials on earth
Functions
Sources of energy
Building materials (Cell walls)
cell surface markers
Contain a 1:2:1 ratio of C:H:O (C6H12O6)
Main types
Monosaccharides - Single sugars
Classified by the type of functional group they possess:
Aldehyde (Aldose Sugars)
Will have a double bonded O at the end of the chain
Ketone (Ketose Sugars)
Will have a double bonded O in the middle of the chain
Biological Molecules 2
