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METHODSzANDzCRITICALzAPPRAISALzFOR
zEVIDENCE-
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23431316zISBN:z9780323447652
Duringzthez15thzandz19thzcenturies,zthezinfluencezofzChristianityzbeganztozwanezandzmanyznursesz
withzreligiouszorderszfledztozavoidzimprisonmentzandzdeath.zTherezwaszazshiftzinzmedicinezthatz
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Defineznursingzinzyourzownzwords.
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zcarezinzhospitals
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epidemiology),zdecreasezofznosocomialzinfections
Majorzreformszinzhealthcarezforzthezmilitary
LilianzWaldzandzMaryzBrewster-
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Exampleszofznursingzactivitiesz
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METHODSzANDzCRITICALzAPPRAISALzFOR
zEVIDENCE-
BASEDzPRACTICEz9THzEDITIONzBYzGERIzL
OBIONDO-
WOOD,zANDzJUDITHzHABERzISBN:z97803
23431316zISBN:z9780323447652
-Administeringzprescribedzmedication
, TESTzBANKzFORzNURSINGzRESEARCH
METHODSzANDzCRITICALzAPPRAISALzFOR
zEVIDENCE-
BASEDzPRACTICEz9THzEDITIONzBYzGERIzL
OBIONDO-
WOOD,zANDzJUDITHzHABERzISBN:z97803
23431316zISBN:z9780323447652
-Assistingzwithzazdiagnosticztest
- AdministeringzIVzfluids
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Problemzsolving-
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METHODSzANDzCRITICALzAPPRAISALzFOR
zEVIDENCE-
BASEDzPRACTICEz9THzEDITIONzBYzGERIzL
OBIONDO-
WOOD,zANDzJUDITHzHABERzISBN:z97803
23431316zISBN:z9780323447652
Ch.z1zEvolutionzofzNursingzThoughtzandzActionzPg.z3-
11zNursingzImageszthroughoutzhistory
ThezAngelzofzMercy-
ziszserenezandzcontent,ziszusuallyzshownzwithzazhalozorzotherzreligiouszsymbol.zUntilz100zy
earszago,znurseszcaredzforzpatientszatzgreatzrisksztozthemselves.zEvenzaszrecentlyzaszthez19
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disease.
-Historyzdemonstrateszazstrongzlinkzbetweenznursingzandzreligiouszorders.
- ThezvalueszofzservicezandzdevotionztozthezpatientzfadedzalongzwithzthezinfluencezofzC
hristianityzduringzthez14thztozthez16thzcenturiesz(renaissance)
ThezHandmaiden-
zThiszstereotypezportrayszthezmalezphysicianzaszthezdominantzrole,zthiszperceptionzofznursingzha
szchangedzwithznurseszdoingzmorezcollaboration,zplanningzandzprovidingzcareznotzonlyzthezdire
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- Althoughzthezhandmaidenzimagezwaszmorezwidespreadzinzthezpast,zevenzthenznotzallzn
urseszconsideredzthemselvesztozbezsubservientztozphysicians
ThezBattle-Ax-
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itieszcontributeztozthezpersistencezofzthezbattle-axzimage-
zdrawingzblood,zgivingzinjections….
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ThezMilitaryzImagez–znurseszarezportrayedzinzuniformzprovidingzsupportzatzthezbattlefield
Hospitalers-
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Describezthezrolezofzreligionzinzthezdevelopmentzofznursing.
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ship.zNurseszstartedzoffzinzmonasterieszbutzmovedztozhospitalszdueztozpersecution.zAncient
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ation,zcompounding,zandzadministrationzofzdrugs,zwisdom,zpurityzandzdevotionztozthezpa
tient.
Thezassociationzofznursingzwithzreligionzhasznotzalwayszbeenzpositive
, TESTzBANKzFORzNURSINGzRESEARCH
METHODSzANDzCRITICALzAPPRAISALzFOR
zEVIDENCE-
BASEDzPRACTICEz9THzEDITIONzBYzGERIzL
OBIONDO-
WOOD,zANDzJUDITHzHABERzISBN:z97803
23431316zISBN:z9780323447652
Duringzthez15thzandz19thzcenturies,zthezinfluencezofzChristianityzbeganztozwanezandzmanyznursesz
withzreligiouszorderszfledztozavoidzimprisonmentzandzdeath.zTherezwaszazshiftzinzmedicinezthatz
movedzpractitionerszfromzmonasteriesztozuniversities.
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Identifyzthezfactorszthatzledztozthezchangezofznursingzfromzazvocationzofzmenzandzwomenz
tozazpredominantlyzfemalezprofession
WAR
Defineznursingzinzyourzownzwords.
Nurseszassistzthezindividualzsickzorzwellzinzactivitieszthatzcontributeztozhealthzorzit’szrecover
y,zorzazpeacefulzdeath.
Thezinternationalzcouncilzofznurseszdefinition:z pgz11.
“zNursingzencompasseszautonomouszandzcollaborativezcarezofzindividualszofzallzages,zfam
ilies,zgroupszandzcommunities,zsickzandzwellzandzinzallzsettings.zNursingzincludeszthezprom
otionzofzhealth,zpreventionzofzillnesszandzthezcarezofzill,zdisabledzandzdyingzpeople.zAdvoca
cy,zpromotingzofzazsafezenvironment,zresearch,zparticipationzinzshapingzhealthzpolicyzandz
inzpatientzandzhealthzsystemszmanagement,zandzeducationzarezalsozkeyznursingzroles.”
FlorencezNightingaleszcontributionsztoznursing:
ThezestablishmentzofznursingzaszazdistinctzprofessionzIntroductio
nzofzazbroad-
basedzliberalzeducationzforznurseszMajorzreformzinzthezdeliveryzof
zcarezinzhospitals
Thezintroductionzofzstandardsztozcontrolzthezspreadzofzdiseasezofzhospitalsz(z
epidemiology),zdecreasezofznosocomialzinfections
Majorzreformszinzhealthcarezforzthezmilitary
LilianzWaldzandzMaryzBrewster-
FoundedzthezHenryzStreetzSettlementzinzNewzYorkztozimprovezthezhealthzandzsocialzcondit
ionszofzpoorzimmigrants,zthisziszconsideredzthezstartzofzpubliczhealthznursingzinzthezU.S.
WhitezWomen-
zAboutz82%zofzRN’szarezwhite,z6%zarezmale.zMajorznursingzorganizationszagreezthatzweznee
dzazmorezdiversifiedznursingzforce.
Exampleszofznursingzactivitiesz
Dependentz activities
, TESTzBANKzFORzNURSINGzRESEARCH
METHODSzANDzCRITICALzAPPRAISALzFOR
zEVIDENCE-
BASEDzPRACTICEz9THzEDITIONzBYzGERIzL
OBIONDO-
WOOD,zANDzJUDITHzHABERzISBN:z97803
23431316zISBN:z9780323447652
-Administeringzprescribedzmedication
, TESTzBANKzFORzNURSINGzRESEARCH
METHODSzANDzCRITICALzAPPRAISALzFOR
zEVIDENCE-
BASEDzPRACTICEz9THzEDITIONzBYzGERIzL
OBIONDO-
WOOD,zANDzJUDITHzHABERzISBN:z97803
23431316zISBN:z9780323447652
-Assistingzwithzazdiagnosticztest
- AdministeringzIVzfluids
-Ensuringzthatzthezpatientzreceivedzthezprescribedzdiet
IndependentzActivities
-
Evaluatingzthezpatient’szresponseztozmedicationzandzwithholdingztheznextzdosezifzthezpatie
ntzhaszaznegativezreaction
-
Teachingzthezpatientzwhatztozexpectzfromzthezdiagnosticztestz,zpreparingzthezpatientzforzthe
ztest.
-Evaluatingzthezpatient’szresponseztoztreatment,zmonitoringzthezflowzrate
-Teachingzazpregnantzwomanzaboutzadditionalznutrientszneededzinzherzdiet.
Full-zspectrumznurse:
Nurseszusezclinicalzjudgement,zcriticalzthinking,zandzproblemzsolvingzasztheyzcarezforzpatie
nts.
ClinicalzJudgment-
zinvolvedzobserving,zcomparing,zcontrastingzandzevaluatingzthezclient’szconditionztozdeterminez
wherezchangezhaszoccurred.
Criticalzthinking-
ziszazreflectivezthinkingzprocesszthatzinvolvedzcollectingzinformation,zanalyzingzthezadequac
yzandzaccuracyzofzthezinformation.
Problemzsolving-
ziszazprocesszbyzwhichznurseszconsiderzanzissuezandzattemptztozfindzazsatisfactoryzsolutionzt
ozachievezthezbestzoutcomes.
Learningzoutcomes…zPgsz12-24
Differentiatezamongzthezvariouszformszofzeducation
PracticalzandzVocationalzNursingzEducation
• KnownzaszLVNszorzLPNs
• Mayzattendzonezofzapproximatelyz1200zapprovedzprogramszgivenzatzt
echnicalzorzcommunityzcollege
• Usuallyzlastszazyearzinzbothzclassroomzandzclinicalzteaching
• AfterzcompletingzeducationzprogramzmustzpasszNCLEX-PNzexam
