Pedorthic Practice 2025 Exam Questions with Complete
Solutions 100% Verified
What does a pedorthist do? - A pedorthist understands the properties of footwear and
the interaction between a patient's foot and the device or shoe, which makes them
skilled at evaluating feet and fitting footwear
Anatomical planes - Coronal, sagittal, transverse
Columns of the foot - Medial - 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform
Middle - 2nd/3rd metatarsal, intermediate/lateral cuneiform
Lateral - 4th/5th metatarsal, cuboid
Sections of the foot - Forefoot - distal phalanges 1-5, intermediate phalanges 2-5,
proximal phalanges 1-5, metatarsals 1-5
Midfoot - medial/intermediate/lateral cuneiforms, cuboid, navicular
Hindfoot (rearfoot) - talus, calcaneus
Name the joints of the foot and ankle complex - Talocrural (ankle); subtalar
(talocalcaneal); transverse tarsal (midtarsal, Chopart) [talonavicular, calcaneocuboid];
tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc); metatarsophalangeal (MTP); proximal/distal interphalangeal
(PIPs, DIPs)
Type of joint & motions: talocrural - Hinge; dorsiflexion, plantarflexion
Type of joint & motions: subtalar - Oblique condyloid; pronosupination
Type of joint & motions: transverse tarsal - TN - ball & socket; inversion, eversion
CC - modified saddle; inversion, eversion
[oblique, longitudinal]
Type of joint & motions: tarsometatarsal - Planar
Type of joint & motions: metatarsophalangeal - Condyloid; DF, PF, adduction,
abduction, circumduction
Type of joint & motions: interphalangeal - Hinge; flexion, extension
Four levels of PF amputation - Subtalar, Chopart, Lisfranc, MTP
,4 purposes of the foot - Shock absorption, rigid propulsion, adverse terrain, structural
platform
Three arches of the foot - Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse
Bones of medial arch - Calcaneus, navicular, all 3 cuneiforms, mets 1-3
Bones of the lateral arch - Lateral tubercle of calcaneus, cuboid, mets 4-5
Bones of the transverse arch - Cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsals 1-5
Ligaments of medial arch - Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring), plantar aponeurosis,
short/long plantar
Ligaments of the lateral arch - Short & long plantar
Ligaments of the transverse arch - Deep transverse ligaments
Muscles of medial arch - Tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus,
gastrocnemius, soleus
Muscles of lateral arch - Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, plantar fascia, intrinsics
Muscles of transverse arch - Adductor hallucis, interossei, peroneus longus, peroneus
brevis
Bones that form the basis of weight bearing - Met heads (specifically 1,5), calcaneus
Column that is most weight bearing - Lateral
Which is the stronger side of the ankle and why? - Lateral; ligament positioning & fibula
bony stop
What determines the motion of each joint? - Angle of joint (oblique)
Motion of talocrural joint axis - See saw
Motion of subtalar joint axis - Triplanar motion
Plane, section, joint: dorsiflexion & plantarflexion - Plane - sagittal
Section - ankle; hindfoot
Joint - talocrural; subtalar
Plane, section, joint: inversion & eversion - Plane - coronal
Section - hindfoot; forefoot
Joint - subtalar; tarsometatarsal
, Plane, section, joint: abduction & adduction - Plane - transverse
Section - forefoot
Joint - tarsometatarsal
Plane, section, joint: varus & valgus - Plane - coronal
Section - forefoot, hindfoot
Joint - tarsometatarsal, subtalar
Plane, section, joint: supination & pronation - Plane - triplanar
Section - ankle; hindfoot; midfoot; forefoot
Joint - talocrural; subtalar; transverse tarsal; tarsometatarsal
Difference between open chain and closed chain - Open chain - non-weight bearing;
distal link free
Closed chain - weight bearing; distal link fixed
Open chain pronation motions & planes - Calcaneal eversion (coronal); talocrural
dorsiflexion (sagittal); medial rotation of tib/fib (transverse); forefoot abduction
(transverse)
Open chain supination motions & planes - Calcaneal inversion (coronal); talocrural
plantarflexion (sagittal); lateral rotation of tib/fib (transverse); forefoot adduction
(transverse)
Closed chain pronation motions & planes - Calcaneal eversion (coronal); Talar
adduction (coronal); Talar plantarflexion (sagittal); talocrural dorsiflexion (sagittal);
medial rotation of tib/fib (transverse); forefoot abduction (transverse)
Closed chain supination motions & planes - Calcaneal inversion (coronal); Talar
abduction (coronal); Talar dorsiflexion (sagittal); talocrural plantarflexion (sagittal);
lateral rotation of tib/fib (transverse); forefoot adduction (transverse)
Pes cavus - High arch
Pes varus - Rearfoot inversion
Pes planus - Flatfoot
Navicular drop - Measures midfoot flexibility/unlocking during pronation
WB STJ in supination - MTJ axis not parallel; MTJ locked; talus stacked on calcaneus;
rigid propulsion; occurs during Midstance and slightly during terminal stance
WB STJ in pronation - MTJ axis parallel; MTJ unlocked; talus slips off calcaneus; shock
absorption; occurs during loading response
Solutions 100% Verified
What does a pedorthist do? - A pedorthist understands the properties of footwear and
the interaction between a patient's foot and the device or shoe, which makes them
skilled at evaluating feet and fitting footwear
Anatomical planes - Coronal, sagittal, transverse
Columns of the foot - Medial - 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform
Middle - 2nd/3rd metatarsal, intermediate/lateral cuneiform
Lateral - 4th/5th metatarsal, cuboid
Sections of the foot - Forefoot - distal phalanges 1-5, intermediate phalanges 2-5,
proximal phalanges 1-5, metatarsals 1-5
Midfoot - medial/intermediate/lateral cuneiforms, cuboid, navicular
Hindfoot (rearfoot) - talus, calcaneus
Name the joints of the foot and ankle complex - Talocrural (ankle); subtalar
(talocalcaneal); transverse tarsal (midtarsal, Chopart) [talonavicular, calcaneocuboid];
tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc); metatarsophalangeal (MTP); proximal/distal interphalangeal
(PIPs, DIPs)
Type of joint & motions: talocrural - Hinge; dorsiflexion, plantarflexion
Type of joint & motions: subtalar - Oblique condyloid; pronosupination
Type of joint & motions: transverse tarsal - TN - ball & socket; inversion, eversion
CC - modified saddle; inversion, eversion
[oblique, longitudinal]
Type of joint & motions: tarsometatarsal - Planar
Type of joint & motions: metatarsophalangeal - Condyloid; DF, PF, adduction,
abduction, circumduction
Type of joint & motions: interphalangeal - Hinge; flexion, extension
Four levels of PF amputation - Subtalar, Chopart, Lisfranc, MTP
,4 purposes of the foot - Shock absorption, rigid propulsion, adverse terrain, structural
platform
Three arches of the foot - Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse
Bones of medial arch - Calcaneus, navicular, all 3 cuneiforms, mets 1-3
Bones of the lateral arch - Lateral tubercle of calcaneus, cuboid, mets 4-5
Bones of the transverse arch - Cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsals 1-5
Ligaments of medial arch - Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring), plantar aponeurosis,
short/long plantar
Ligaments of the lateral arch - Short & long plantar
Ligaments of the transverse arch - Deep transverse ligaments
Muscles of medial arch - Tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus,
gastrocnemius, soleus
Muscles of lateral arch - Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, plantar fascia, intrinsics
Muscles of transverse arch - Adductor hallucis, interossei, peroneus longus, peroneus
brevis
Bones that form the basis of weight bearing - Met heads (specifically 1,5), calcaneus
Column that is most weight bearing - Lateral
Which is the stronger side of the ankle and why? - Lateral; ligament positioning & fibula
bony stop
What determines the motion of each joint? - Angle of joint (oblique)
Motion of talocrural joint axis - See saw
Motion of subtalar joint axis - Triplanar motion
Plane, section, joint: dorsiflexion & plantarflexion - Plane - sagittal
Section - ankle; hindfoot
Joint - talocrural; subtalar
Plane, section, joint: inversion & eversion - Plane - coronal
Section - hindfoot; forefoot
Joint - subtalar; tarsometatarsal
, Plane, section, joint: abduction & adduction - Plane - transverse
Section - forefoot
Joint - tarsometatarsal
Plane, section, joint: varus & valgus - Plane - coronal
Section - forefoot, hindfoot
Joint - tarsometatarsal, subtalar
Plane, section, joint: supination & pronation - Plane - triplanar
Section - ankle; hindfoot; midfoot; forefoot
Joint - talocrural; subtalar; transverse tarsal; tarsometatarsal
Difference between open chain and closed chain - Open chain - non-weight bearing;
distal link free
Closed chain - weight bearing; distal link fixed
Open chain pronation motions & planes - Calcaneal eversion (coronal); talocrural
dorsiflexion (sagittal); medial rotation of tib/fib (transverse); forefoot abduction
(transverse)
Open chain supination motions & planes - Calcaneal inversion (coronal); talocrural
plantarflexion (sagittal); lateral rotation of tib/fib (transverse); forefoot adduction
(transverse)
Closed chain pronation motions & planes - Calcaneal eversion (coronal); Talar
adduction (coronal); Talar plantarflexion (sagittal); talocrural dorsiflexion (sagittal);
medial rotation of tib/fib (transverse); forefoot abduction (transverse)
Closed chain supination motions & planes - Calcaneal inversion (coronal); Talar
abduction (coronal); Talar dorsiflexion (sagittal); talocrural plantarflexion (sagittal);
lateral rotation of tib/fib (transverse); forefoot adduction (transverse)
Pes cavus - High arch
Pes varus - Rearfoot inversion
Pes planus - Flatfoot
Navicular drop - Measures midfoot flexibility/unlocking during pronation
WB STJ in supination - MTJ axis not parallel; MTJ locked; talus stacked on calcaneus;
rigid propulsion; occurs during Midstance and slightly during terminal stance
WB STJ in pronation - MTJ axis parallel; MTJ unlocked; talus slips off calcaneus; shock
absorption; occurs during loading response
