TESTBANK o
ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT & CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN
o o o o o o o
PRIMARY CARE, 6TH EDITION
o o o
Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann & Pamela Scheibel
o o o o o o o o
, o
lOMoARcPSD|126 567
o 13
Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6t
o o o o o o o o o o o o
h Edition Dains o o
Chaptero1:oClinicaloReasoning,oDifferentialoDiagnosis,oEvidence-BasedoPractice,oandoSymptomoAnalysis
MultipleoChoice
Identifyotheochoiceothatobestocompletesotheostatementooroanswersotheoquestion.
1. Whichotypeoofoclinicalodecision-makingoisomostoreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Whichoofotheofollowingoisofalse?oTooobtainoadequateohistory,ohealth-careoprovidersomustobe:
A. Methodicaloandosystematic
B. Attentiveotootheopatient’soverbaloandononverbalolanguage
C. Ableotooaccuratelyointerpretotheopatient’soresponses
D. Adeptoatoreadingointootheopatient’sostatements
3. Essentialopartsoofoaohealthohistoryoincludeoalloofotheofollowingoexcept:
A. Chiefocomplaint
B. Historyoofotheopresentoillness
C. Currentovitalosigns
D. Alloofotheoaboveoareoessentialohistoryocomponents
4. Whichoofotheofollowingoisofalse?oWhileoperformingotheophysicaloexamination,otheoexamineromustobeoableoto:
A. Differentiateobetweenonormaloandoabnormalofindings
B. Recalloknowledgeoofoaorangeoofoconditionsoandotheiroassociatedosignsoandosymptoms
C. Recognizeohowocertainoconditionsoaffectotheoresponseotoootheroconditions
D. Foreseeounpredictableo findings
5. Theofollowingoisotheoleastoreliableosourceoofoinformationoforodiagnosticostatistics:
A. Evidence-basedoinvestigations
B. Primaryoreportsooforesearch
C. Estimationobasedoonoaoprovider’soexperience
D. Publishedometa-analyses
6. Theofollowingocanobeousedotooassistoinosoundoclinicalodecision-making:
A. Algorithmopublishedoinoaopeer-reviewedojournaloarticle
B. Clinicalopracticeoguidelines
C. Evidence-basedoresearch
D. Alloofotheoabove
7. Ifoaodiagnosticostudyohasohighosensitivity,othisoindicatesoa:
A. Highopercentageoofopersonsowithotheogivenoconditionowillohaveoanoabnormaloresult
B. Lowopercentageoofopersonsowithotheogivenoconditionowillohaveoanoabnormaloresult
C. Lowolikelihoodoofonormaloresultoinopersonsowithoutoaogivenocondition
D. Noneoofotheoabove
8. Ifoaodiagnosticostudyohasohighospecificity,othisoindicatesoa:
A. Lowopercentageoofohealthyoindividualsowilloshowoaonormaloresult
B. Highopercentageoofohealthyoindividualsowilloshowoaonormaloresult
C. Highopercentageoofoindividualsowithoaodisorderowilloshowoaonormaloresult
D. Lowopercentageoofoindividualsowithoaodisorderowilloshowoanoabnormaloresult
9. Aolikelihoodoratiooaboveo1oindicatesothatoaodiagnosticotestoshowingoa:
A. Positiveoresultoisostronglyoassociatedowithotheodisease
B. Negativeoresultoisostronglyoassociatedowithoabsenceoofotheodisease
C. Positiveoresultoisoweaklyoassociatedowithotheodisease
D. Negativeoresultoisoweaklyoassociatedowithoabsenceoofotheodisease
10. Whichoofotheofollowingoclinicaloreasoningotoolsoisodefinedoasoevidence-
basedoresourceobasedoonomathematicalomodelingotooexpressotheolikelihoodoofoaoconditionoinoselectosituations,osettings,oand/oropa
tients?
, o
lOMoARcPSD|126 567
o 13
A. Clinicalopracticeoguideline
B. Clinicalodecisionorule
C. Clinicaloalgorithm
Chaptero1:oClinicaloreasoning,odifferentialodiagnosis,oevidence-basedopractice,oandosymptomoana
AnsweroSection
MULTIPLEoCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerryo(2009)odescribesotwoomajorotypesoofoclinicalodiagnosticodecision-making:ointuitiveoandoanalytical.oIntuitiveodecision-
omakingo(similarotooAugenblinkodecision-
making)oisobasedoonotheoexperienceoandointuitionoofotheoclinicianoandoisolessoreliableoandopairedowithofairlyocommonoerrors.oInoc
ontrast,oanalyticalodecision-makingoisobasedoonocarefuloconsiderationoandohasogreateroreliabilityowithorareoerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
Tooobtainoadequateohistory,oprovidersomustobeowelloorganized,oattentiveotootheopatient’soverbaloandononverbalolanguage,oandoable
otooaccuratelyointerpretotheopatient’soresponsesoto oquestions.oRatherothanoreadingointootheopatient’sostatements,otheyoclarifyoanyo
areasoofouncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitalosignsoareopartoofotheophysicaloexaminationoportionoofopatientoassessment,onotopartoofotheohealthohistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
Whileoperformingotheophysicaloexamination,otheoexamineromustobeoableotoodifferentiateobetweenonormaloandoabnormalofindings,or
ecalloknowledgeoofoaorangeoofoconditions,oincludingotheiroassociatedosignsoandosymptoms,orecognizeohowocertainoconditionsoaffect
otheoresponseotoootheroconditions,oandodistinguishotheorelevanceoofovariedoabnormal ofindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sourcesoforodiagnosticostatisticsoincludeotextbooks,oprimaryoreportsooforesearch,oandopublishedometa-
analyses.oAnotherosourceoofostatistics,otheooneothatohasobeenomostowidelyousedoandoavailableoforoapplicationotootheoreasoningoproc
ess,oisotheoestimationobasedoonoaoprovider’soexperience,oalthoughotheseoareorarelyoaccurate.oOverotheopastodecade,otheoavailabilit
yoofoevidenceoonowhichotoobaseoclinicaloreasoningoisoimproving,o andothereoisoanoincreasingoexpectationothatoclinicaloreasoningob
eobasedoonoscientificoevidence.
Evidence-basedostatisticsoareoalsooincreasinglyobeingousedotoodeveloporesourcesotoofacilitateoclinicalo decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
Tooassistoinoclinicalodecision-making,oaonumberoofoevidence-
basedoresourcesohaveobeenodevelopedotooassistotheoclinician.oResources,osuchoasoalgorithmsoandoclinicalopracticeoguidelines,oassi
stoinoclinicaloreasoningowhenoproperlyoapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
Theosensitivityoofoaodiagnosticostudyoisotheopercentageoofoindividualsowithotheotargetoconditionowhooshowoanoabnormal,ooropositive
,oresult.oAohighosensitivityoindicatesothatoaogreateropercentageoofopersonsowithotheogivenoconditionowillohaveoanoabnormaloresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
Theospecificityoofoaodiagnosticostudyoisotheopercentageoofonormal,ohealthyoindividualsowhoohaveoaonormaloresult.oTheogreaterothe
ospecificity, otheogreaterotheopercentageoofoindividualsowhoowillohaveonegative, ooronormal,oresultsoifotheyodoonotohaveotheotargeto
condition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
Theolikelihoodoratiooisotheoprobabilityothatoaopositiveotestoresultowillobeoassociatedowithoaopersonowhoohasotheotargetoconditionoando
aonegativeoresultowillobeoassociatedowithoaohealthyoperson.oAolikelihoodoratiooaboveo1oindicatesothatoaopositiveoresultoisoassociated
owithotheodisease;oaolikelihoodoratioolessothano1oindicatesothatoaonegativeoresultoisoassociated owithoan oabsenceoofotheodisease.
, o
lOMoARcPSD|126 567
o 13
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinicalodecisiono(oroprediction)orulesoprovideoanotherosupportoforoclinicaloreasoning.oClinicalodecisionorulesoareoevidence-
basedoresourcesothatoprovideoprobabilisticostatementsoregardingotheolikelihoodothatoaoconditionoexistsoifocertainovariablesoareome
towithoregardotootheoprognosisoofopatientsowithospecificofindings.oDecisionorulesouseomathematicalomodelsoandoareospecificotooce
rtainosituations,osettings,oand/oropatientocharacteristics.
PTS: 1
ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT & CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN
o o o o o o o
PRIMARY CARE, 6TH EDITION
o o o
Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann & Pamela Scheibel
o o o o o o o o
, o
lOMoARcPSD|126 567
o 13
Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6t
o o o o o o o o o o o o
h Edition Dains o o
Chaptero1:oClinicaloReasoning,oDifferentialoDiagnosis,oEvidence-BasedoPractice,oandoSymptomoAnalysis
MultipleoChoice
Identifyotheochoiceothatobestocompletesotheostatementooroanswersotheoquestion.
1. Whichotypeoofoclinicalodecision-makingoisomostoreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Whichoofotheofollowingoisofalse?oTooobtainoadequateohistory,ohealth-careoprovidersomustobe:
A. Methodicaloandosystematic
B. Attentiveotootheopatient’soverbaloandononverbalolanguage
C. Ableotooaccuratelyointerpretotheopatient’soresponses
D. Adeptoatoreadingointootheopatient’sostatements
3. Essentialopartsoofoaohealthohistoryoincludeoalloofotheofollowingoexcept:
A. Chiefocomplaint
B. Historyoofotheopresentoillness
C. Currentovitalosigns
D. Alloofotheoaboveoareoessentialohistoryocomponents
4. Whichoofotheofollowingoisofalse?oWhileoperformingotheophysicaloexamination,otheoexamineromustobeoableoto:
A. Differentiateobetweenonormaloandoabnormalofindings
B. Recalloknowledgeoofoaorangeoofoconditionsoandotheiroassociatedosignsoandosymptoms
C. Recognizeohowocertainoconditionsoaffectotheoresponseotoootheroconditions
D. Foreseeounpredictableo findings
5. Theofollowingoisotheoleastoreliableosourceoofoinformationoforodiagnosticostatistics:
A. Evidence-basedoinvestigations
B. Primaryoreportsooforesearch
C. Estimationobasedoonoaoprovider’soexperience
D. Publishedometa-analyses
6. Theofollowingocanobeousedotooassistoinosoundoclinicalodecision-making:
A. Algorithmopublishedoinoaopeer-reviewedojournaloarticle
B. Clinicalopracticeoguidelines
C. Evidence-basedoresearch
D. Alloofotheoabove
7. Ifoaodiagnosticostudyohasohighosensitivity,othisoindicatesoa:
A. Highopercentageoofopersonsowithotheogivenoconditionowillohaveoanoabnormaloresult
B. Lowopercentageoofopersonsowithotheogivenoconditionowillohaveoanoabnormaloresult
C. Lowolikelihoodoofonormaloresultoinopersonsowithoutoaogivenocondition
D. Noneoofotheoabove
8. Ifoaodiagnosticostudyohasohighospecificity,othisoindicatesoa:
A. Lowopercentageoofohealthyoindividualsowilloshowoaonormaloresult
B. Highopercentageoofohealthyoindividualsowilloshowoaonormaloresult
C. Highopercentageoofoindividualsowithoaodisorderowilloshowoaonormaloresult
D. Lowopercentageoofoindividualsowithoaodisorderowilloshowoanoabnormaloresult
9. Aolikelihoodoratiooaboveo1oindicatesothatoaodiagnosticotestoshowingoa:
A. Positiveoresultoisostronglyoassociatedowithotheodisease
B. Negativeoresultoisostronglyoassociatedowithoabsenceoofotheodisease
C. Positiveoresultoisoweaklyoassociatedowithotheodisease
D. Negativeoresultoisoweaklyoassociatedowithoabsenceoofotheodisease
10. Whichoofotheofollowingoclinicaloreasoningotoolsoisodefinedoasoevidence-
basedoresourceobasedoonomathematicalomodelingotooexpressotheolikelihoodoofoaoconditionoinoselectosituations,osettings,oand/oropa
tients?
, o
lOMoARcPSD|126 567
o 13
A. Clinicalopracticeoguideline
B. Clinicalodecisionorule
C. Clinicaloalgorithm
Chaptero1:oClinicaloreasoning,odifferentialodiagnosis,oevidence-basedopractice,oandosymptomoana
AnsweroSection
MULTIPLEoCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerryo(2009)odescribesotwoomajorotypesoofoclinicalodiagnosticodecision-making:ointuitiveoandoanalytical.oIntuitiveodecision-
omakingo(similarotooAugenblinkodecision-
making)oisobasedoonotheoexperienceoandointuitionoofotheoclinicianoandoisolessoreliableoandopairedowithofairlyocommonoerrors.oInoc
ontrast,oanalyticalodecision-makingoisobasedoonocarefuloconsiderationoandohasogreateroreliabilityowithorareoerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
Tooobtainoadequateohistory,oprovidersomustobeowelloorganized,oattentiveotootheopatient’soverbaloandononverbalolanguage,oandoable
otooaccuratelyointerpretotheopatient’soresponsesoto oquestions.oRatherothanoreadingointootheopatient’sostatements,otheyoclarifyoanyo
areasoofouncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitalosignsoareopartoofotheophysicaloexaminationoportionoofopatientoassessment,onotopartoofotheohealthohistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
Whileoperformingotheophysicaloexamination,otheoexamineromustobeoableotoodifferentiateobetweenonormaloandoabnormalofindings,or
ecalloknowledgeoofoaorangeoofoconditions,oincludingotheiroassociatedosignsoandosymptoms,orecognizeohowocertainoconditionsoaffect
otheoresponseotoootheroconditions,oandodistinguishotheorelevanceoofovariedoabnormal ofindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sourcesoforodiagnosticostatisticsoincludeotextbooks,oprimaryoreportsooforesearch,oandopublishedometa-
analyses.oAnotherosourceoofostatistics,otheooneothatohasobeenomostowidelyousedoandoavailableoforoapplicationotootheoreasoningoproc
ess,oisotheoestimationobasedoonoaoprovider’soexperience,oalthoughotheseoareorarelyoaccurate.oOverotheopastodecade,otheoavailabilit
yoofoevidenceoonowhichotoobaseoclinicaloreasoningoisoimproving,o andothereoisoanoincreasingoexpectationothatoclinicaloreasoningob
eobasedoonoscientificoevidence.
Evidence-basedostatisticsoareoalsooincreasinglyobeingousedotoodeveloporesourcesotoofacilitateoclinicalo decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
Tooassistoinoclinicalodecision-making,oaonumberoofoevidence-
basedoresourcesohaveobeenodevelopedotooassistotheoclinician.oResources,osuchoasoalgorithmsoandoclinicalopracticeoguidelines,oassi
stoinoclinicaloreasoningowhenoproperlyoapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
Theosensitivityoofoaodiagnosticostudyoisotheopercentageoofoindividualsowithotheotargetoconditionowhooshowoanoabnormal,ooropositive
,oresult.oAohighosensitivityoindicatesothatoaogreateropercentageoofopersonsowithotheogivenoconditionowillohaveoanoabnormaloresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
Theospecificityoofoaodiagnosticostudyoisotheopercentageoofonormal,ohealthyoindividualsowhoohaveoaonormaloresult.oTheogreaterothe
ospecificity, otheogreaterotheopercentageoofoindividualsowhoowillohaveonegative, ooronormal,oresultsoifotheyodoonotohaveotheotargeto
condition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
Theolikelihoodoratiooisotheoprobabilityothatoaopositiveotestoresultowillobeoassociatedowithoaopersonowhoohasotheotargetoconditionoando
aonegativeoresultowillobeoassociatedowithoaohealthyoperson.oAolikelihoodoratiooaboveo1oindicatesothatoaopositiveoresultoisoassociated
owithotheodisease;oaolikelihoodoratioolessothano1oindicatesothatoaonegativeoresultoisoassociated owithoan oabsenceoofotheodisease.
, o
lOMoARcPSD|126 567
o 13
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinicalodecisiono(oroprediction)orulesoprovideoanotherosupportoforoclinicaloreasoning.oClinicalodecisionorulesoareoevidence-
basedoresourcesothatoprovideoprobabilisticostatementsoregardingotheolikelihoodothatoaoconditionoexistsoifocertainovariablesoareome
towithoregardotootheoprognosisoofopatientsowithospecificofindings.oDecisionorulesouseomathematicalomodelsoandoareospecificotooce
rtainosituations,osettings,oand/oropatientocharacteristics.
PTS: 1
