WGU PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY, D167
EXAM 2025!!
David Wechsler's Global Capacity View of Intelligence Answer - The global
capacity of the individual to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal
effectively with the environment. (Note that it is not just a measure of
academic performance in academics).
Robert Sternberg's Triarchic View: The Theory of Successful Intelligence
Answer - Practical ability involves applying knowledge to everyday situations,
using knowledge and tools, and seeking relevance.
Creative ability involves inventing, discovering, imagining, and supposing.
Analytical ability involves breaking ideas and products into their component
parts, making judgments, evaluating, comparing and contrasting, and
critiquing.
Intelligence should be viewed as a broad characteristic of people that is
evidenced not only by how well they answer a particular set of test questions
but also by how well they function in different settings.
Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory Answer - There are multiple
intelligences including logical-mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-
kinesthetic, interpersonal (understanding of others), intrapersonal
(understanding of self), and naturalist (the ability to notice the characteristics
that distinguish one plant, mineral, or animal from another and to create useful
classification schemes called taxonomies).
,Learning style Answer - A consistent preference over time and subject matter
for perceiving, thinking about, and organizing information in a particular way.
Reflectivity and Impulsivity Answer - Some students seem to be
characteristically impulsive, whereas others are characteristically reflective. In
problem-solving situations, the impulsive student collects less information,
does so less systematically, and gives less thought to various solutions than do
more reflective students. Reflective students, in contrast, prefer to spend more
time collecting information (which means searching one's memory as well as
external sources) and analyzing its relevance to the solution before offering a
response.
Field Dependence and Field Independence Answer - The extent to which a
person's perception and thinking about a particular piece of information are
influenced by the surrounding context. Field dependent learners' perception is
strongly influenced by such contextual factors as additional information and
other people's behavior. Field independent learners are more successful in
isolating target information despite the fact that it is embedded within a larger
and more complex context. They're more influenced by their own knowledge
base than by other people's behavior or the presence of other information.
Mental Self-Government Styles Answer - 13 styles which fall into one of five
categories: functions, forms, levels, scope, and leaning. Within these
categories, there are legislative, executive, and judicial functions; monarchic,
hierarchic, oligarchic, and anarchic forms; global and local levels; internal and
external scopes; and liberal and conservative leanings. Most individuals have a
preference for one style within each category.
psychometric perspective Answer - This approach views intelligence as the use
of broad mental abilities to successfully respond to various types of test items.
,Raymond Nickerson's definition of intelligence Answer - The ability to learn, to
reason well, to solve novel problems, and to deal effectively with the
challenges—often unpredictable—that confront one in daily life.
Robert Sternberg's definition of wisdom Answer - The use of one's abilities for
the benefit of oneself and others by either adapting to one's environment,
shaping it to better suit one's needs, or selecting a more compatible
environment in which to function.
Visual-spatial ability.
Mathematical operations.
College entrance. Answer - Tests that males generally score higher on than
females.
Memory.
Language use. Answer - Tests that females generally score higher on than
males.
socioeconomic status Answer - It is determined by such factors as annual
income, occupation, amount of education, place of residence, types of
organizations to which family members belong, manner of dress, and material
possessions.
transitional programs Answer - Programs that this approach teach students
wholly (in the case of non-English-proficient students) or partly (in the case of
limited-English-proficient students) in their native language so as not to
impede their academic progress, but only until they can function adequately in
English. At that point, they are placed in regular classes, in which all of the
instruction is in English.
, maintenance programs Answer - Programs in this approach try to maintain or
improve students' native-language skills. Instruction in the students' native
language continues for a significant time before transitioning to English.
two-way bilingual programs Answer - In this program, subject-matter
instruction is provided in two languages to all students. This approach is
typically used when English is the primary language of about half the students
in a school and the other language (usually Spanish) is the primary language of
the other half of the students.
Culture Answer - A term that describes how a group of people perceives the
world; formulates beliefs; evaluates objects, ideas, and experiences; and
behaves. The concept typically includes ethnic group but can also encompass
religious beliefs and socioeconomic status.
Cultural pluralism Answer - As opposed to the idea of a melting pot, this view
assumes that societies should maintain different cultures, that every culture
within a society should be respected, and that individuals have the right to
participate in society without giving up cultural identity
Ability grouping Answer - The use of standardized mental ability or
achievement tests to create groups of students who were considered very
similar to each other in learning ability. At the middle and high school levels,
the term tracking is typically used.
between-class ability grouping. Answer - When a school or teacher groups
students "based on their ability or achievement," the school is practicing this
type of ability grouping. The goal of type of grouping is for each class to be
made up of students who are homogeneous in standardized intelligence or
achievement test scores.
EXAM 2025!!
David Wechsler's Global Capacity View of Intelligence Answer - The global
capacity of the individual to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal
effectively with the environment. (Note that it is not just a measure of
academic performance in academics).
Robert Sternberg's Triarchic View: The Theory of Successful Intelligence
Answer - Practical ability involves applying knowledge to everyday situations,
using knowledge and tools, and seeking relevance.
Creative ability involves inventing, discovering, imagining, and supposing.
Analytical ability involves breaking ideas and products into their component
parts, making judgments, evaluating, comparing and contrasting, and
critiquing.
Intelligence should be viewed as a broad characteristic of people that is
evidenced not only by how well they answer a particular set of test questions
but also by how well they function in different settings.
Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory Answer - There are multiple
intelligences including logical-mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-
kinesthetic, interpersonal (understanding of others), intrapersonal
(understanding of self), and naturalist (the ability to notice the characteristics
that distinguish one plant, mineral, or animal from another and to create useful
classification schemes called taxonomies).
,Learning style Answer - A consistent preference over time and subject matter
for perceiving, thinking about, and organizing information in a particular way.
Reflectivity and Impulsivity Answer - Some students seem to be
characteristically impulsive, whereas others are characteristically reflective. In
problem-solving situations, the impulsive student collects less information,
does so less systematically, and gives less thought to various solutions than do
more reflective students. Reflective students, in contrast, prefer to spend more
time collecting information (which means searching one's memory as well as
external sources) and analyzing its relevance to the solution before offering a
response.
Field Dependence and Field Independence Answer - The extent to which a
person's perception and thinking about a particular piece of information are
influenced by the surrounding context. Field dependent learners' perception is
strongly influenced by such contextual factors as additional information and
other people's behavior. Field independent learners are more successful in
isolating target information despite the fact that it is embedded within a larger
and more complex context. They're more influenced by their own knowledge
base than by other people's behavior or the presence of other information.
Mental Self-Government Styles Answer - 13 styles which fall into one of five
categories: functions, forms, levels, scope, and leaning. Within these
categories, there are legislative, executive, and judicial functions; monarchic,
hierarchic, oligarchic, and anarchic forms; global and local levels; internal and
external scopes; and liberal and conservative leanings. Most individuals have a
preference for one style within each category.
psychometric perspective Answer - This approach views intelligence as the use
of broad mental abilities to successfully respond to various types of test items.
,Raymond Nickerson's definition of intelligence Answer - The ability to learn, to
reason well, to solve novel problems, and to deal effectively with the
challenges—often unpredictable—that confront one in daily life.
Robert Sternberg's definition of wisdom Answer - The use of one's abilities for
the benefit of oneself and others by either adapting to one's environment,
shaping it to better suit one's needs, or selecting a more compatible
environment in which to function.
Visual-spatial ability.
Mathematical operations.
College entrance. Answer - Tests that males generally score higher on than
females.
Memory.
Language use. Answer - Tests that females generally score higher on than
males.
socioeconomic status Answer - It is determined by such factors as annual
income, occupation, amount of education, place of residence, types of
organizations to which family members belong, manner of dress, and material
possessions.
transitional programs Answer - Programs that this approach teach students
wholly (in the case of non-English-proficient students) or partly (in the case of
limited-English-proficient students) in their native language so as not to
impede their academic progress, but only until they can function adequately in
English. At that point, they are placed in regular classes, in which all of the
instruction is in English.
, maintenance programs Answer - Programs in this approach try to maintain or
improve students' native-language skills. Instruction in the students' native
language continues for a significant time before transitioning to English.
two-way bilingual programs Answer - In this program, subject-matter
instruction is provided in two languages to all students. This approach is
typically used when English is the primary language of about half the students
in a school and the other language (usually Spanish) is the primary language of
the other half of the students.
Culture Answer - A term that describes how a group of people perceives the
world; formulates beliefs; evaluates objects, ideas, and experiences; and
behaves. The concept typically includes ethnic group but can also encompass
religious beliefs and socioeconomic status.
Cultural pluralism Answer - As opposed to the idea of a melting pot, this view
assumes that societies should maintain different cultures, that every culture
within a society should be respected, and that individuals have the right to
participate in society without giving up cultural identity
Ability grouping Answer - The use of standardized mental ability or
achievement tests to create groups of students who were considered very
similar to each other in learning ability. At the middle and high school levels,
the term tracking is typically used.
between-class ability grouping. Answer - When a school or teacher groups
students "based on their ability or achievement," the school is practicing this
type of ability grouping. The goal of type of grouping is for each class to be
made up of students who are homogeneous in standardized intelligence or
achievement test scores.
