HBIO 320 BIOENERGETICS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
Metabolism:
totality of cellular reactions including anabolic and catabolic reactions
Bioenergetics:
Metabolic process of converting nutrients into energy
lower the activation energy of a reaction
Enzymes
Kinase
Adds a phosphate group (phosphorylates)
Phosphatase
Removes a phosphate group
Dehydrogenase
removes hydrogen
Oxidase
Catalyze redox reactions involving oxygen
Isomerase
Rearrange molecules to form isomers
Vmax
maximal rate of enzymatic activity
Km
,Substrate concentration at 1/2 Vmax
Lower Km means the enzyme is more
efficient
optimal pH for enzymatic activity
7.1 - 7.4
optimal temperature for enzymatic activity
34 - 37 celcius
Monosaccharide: 1 unit sugar
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Disaccharide: 2 monosaccharides combined
Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose
Polysaccharide: 3+ monosaccharides combined
Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose
Glycogen
Polysaccharide linked via glycogen synthase.
- storage unit for CHO
Muscle glycogen
Primary source of carbohydrate during high-intensity exercise
Supplies much of the carbohydrate in the first hour of exercise
Liver glycogen
Broken down to maintain blood glucose levels
Fatty Acids
unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids
, Triglycerides
an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules
of fatty acid.
Phospholipids
Not used for energy. • Structural component for Cell membranes and nerve sheaths
Steroids
Not used for energy
Cholesterol
Membrane structure
Signal molecules (hormones)
Triglycerides broken down into and regulated by
3 FAs via "lipolysis"
regulated by lipases
Glycerol from the TG can be converted to CHO in the
liver
Proteins comprised of amino acids linked by
peptide bonds
Proteins can be converted to _____ in the liver
glycogen
Anaerobic forms of ATP production
Breakdown of Phosphocreatine
Glycolysis
Aerobic form of ATP production
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
Metabolism:
totality of cellular reactions including anabolic and catabolic reactions
Bioenergetics:
Metabolic process of converting nutrients into energy
lower the activation energy of a reaction
Enzymes
Kinase
Adds a phosphate group (phosphorylates)
Phosphatase
Removes a phosphate group
Dehydrogenase
removes hydrogen
Oxidase
Catalyze redox reactions involving oxygen
Isomerase
Rearrange molecules to form isomers
Vmax
maximal rate of enzymatic activity
Km
,Substrate concentration at 1/2 Vmax
Lower Km means the enzyme is more
efficient
optimal pH for enzymatic activity
7.1 - 7.4
optimal temperature for enzymatic activity
34 - 37 celcius
Monosaccharide: 1 unit sugar
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Disaccharide: 2 monosaccharides combined
Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose
Polysaccharide: 3+ monosaccharides combined
Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose
Glycogen
Polysaccharide linked via glycogen synthase.
- storage unit for CHO
Muscle glycogen
Primary source of carbohydrate during high-intensity exercise
Supplies much of the carbohydrate in the first hour of exercise
Liver glycogen
Broken down to maintain blood glucose levels
Fatty Acids
unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids
, Triglycerides
an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules
of fatty acid.
Phospholipids
Not used for energy. • Structural component for Cell membranes and nerve sheaths
Steroids
Not used for energy
Cholesterol
Membrane structure
Signal molecules (hormones)
Triglycerides broken down into and regulated by
3 FAs via "lipolysis"
regulated by lipases
Glycerol from the TG can be converted to CHO in the
liver
Proteins comprised of amino acids linked by
peptide bonds
Proteins can be converted to _____ in the liver
glycogen
Anaerobic forms of ATP production
Breakdown of Phosphocreatine
Glycolysis
Aerobic form of ATP production
