HBIO 320: MYOKINES EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++

HBIO 320: MYOKINES EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++


Myokines

Cytokines synthesized and released by muscle cells during contractions

Myokine regulation of metabolism

autocrine

Myokine regulation of Brain, Liver, Adipose tissue

paracrine and endocrine

has autocrine and paracrine function, but no endocrine function

BDNF

High Load, Low Repetition

activates mTOR pathway

- low myostatin

- high folistatin

- high decorin

Low Load, High Repetition

activates AMPK pathway

- PGC 1a

- irisin

- meteorin

, - IL6

- BDNF

Myokine production depends on

load and repetition

Interleukin 6 (muscle)

- anti inflammatory

- Increases insulin sensitivity

- stimulates GLUT -4

Interleukin 6 (adipose monocytes)

- pro inflammatory

- decreases insulin (ubiquitination of Receptor Substrate - 1)

Why different effects with muscle IL -6?

Unknown: Subtle structural differences /receptorswith muscle IL - 6?

stimulate IL6

- intracellular calcium

- lactate

- ROS

- glycogen depletion within muscle

Effects of muscular IL6

- lipolysis

- gluconeogenesis

- glucose uptake and fat oxidation within muscles

- proliferation of satellite cells/hypertrophy