HBIO 320 MIDTERM 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Information that free nerves endings carries
changes in pH due to repeated contractions, changes in temperature due
to contraction or environment, inflammatory signals due to over use or injury
Ion channels free ending nerve utilized
Use ENaC and ASIC mechanosensitive ion channels, and TRP family.
Match between trp ion channel family and the information they responded to
• TRPV1 is stimulated by both capsaicin (chemical in hot peppers) and heat
• TRPM8 is stimulated by both menthol and cold temperatures
• TRP family of receptors provides for a wide range of temperature sensitive channels
Structure of ATP and the energy released when ATP is converted to ADP
-7.3kcal/mole
Why Mg-Adenosine Triphosphate
stablize the bonds
Km and Vmax
Km is the substrate concentration enable enzyme to reach ½ Vmax
High Km, low affinity
Low Km, high affinity
, How does muscle creatine kinase function
Structure and position of Creatine Kinase
1) Monomer structure 2) Exists in cytosol as homodimer 3) Located in the cytosol
Prerequisite for Creatine Kinase to function
1, ATP<PC
2, Reaction near or at equilibrium
3, Activity of MM-CK greater than M-ATPase
Structure, forms, and place to find of MtCK
1. Two forms,
• sarcomeric
• ubiquitous
2. Exist as either,
• Homo-dimers
• Homo-octamers
3, Mitochodrial intermembrane space
Phosphocreatine (PCr) Energy Shuttle
phocreatine (PCr) Energy Shuttle: what channels does creatine use and what
channels does phosphate creatine use.
Porin Channel (anion-selective state): phosphate creatine
Porin Channel (cation-selective state): creatine
Where does Adenine Nucleotide Transporter located?
Inner membrane of mitochodria
Two enzymes invovled in creatine synthesis (liver+kidney)
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Information that free nerves endings carries
changes in pH due to repeated contractions, changes in temperature due
to contraction or environment, inflammatory signals due to over use or injury
Ion channels free ending nerve utilized
Use ENaC and ASIC mechanosensitive ion channels, and TRP family.
Match between trp ion channel family and the information they responded to
• TRPV1 is stimulated by both capsaicin (chemical in hot peppers) and heat
• TRPM8 is stimulated by both menthol and cold temperatures
• TRP family of receptors provides for a wide range of temperature sensitive channels
Structure of ATP and the energy released when ATP is converted to ADP
-7.3kcal/mole
Why Mg-Adenosine Triphosphate
stablize the bonds
Km and Vmax
Km is the substrate concentration enable enzyme to reach ½ Vmax
High Km, low affinity
Low Km, high affinity
, How does muscle creatine kinase function
Structure and position of Creatine Kinase
1) Monomer structure 2) Exists in cytosol as homodimer 3) Located in the cytosol
Prerequisite for Creatine Kinase to function
1, ATP<PC
2, Reaction near or at equilibrium
3, Activity of MM-CK greater than M-ATPase
Structure, forms, and place to find of MtCK
1. Two forms,
• sarcomeric
• ubiquitous
2. Exist as either,
• Homo-dimers
• Homo-octamers
3, Mitochodrial intermembrane space
Phosphocreatine (PCr) Energy Shuttle
phocreatine (PCr) Energy Shuttle: what channels does creatine use and what
channels does phosphate creatine use.
Porin Channel (anion-selective state): phosphate creatine
Porin Channel (cation-selective state): creatine
Where does Adenine Nucleotide Transporter located?
Inner membrane of mitochodria
Two enzymes invovled in creatine synthesis (liver+kidney)
