Human Experience:
In a 2-year longitudinal study (Jaffee et al., 2004),
parental physical maltreatment predicted child antisocial
behavior and was not a function of genetic influences,
which clearly indicates that physical maltreatment
contributes to the development of children’s problem
behavior above and beyond heritable risk characteristics
that children may have.
, Factors of behavior
Genetics:
Studies of identical twins as compared to
less closely related human beings, and of
children brought up in adoptive homes,
have helped scientists understand the
influence of genetics on human behavior.