UW madison anatomy 337 terms exam 1|
381 Questions and Answers
anatomical position - -To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the
hands turned forward
- coronal (frontal) plane - -vertical division of the body into front (anterior)
and back (posterior) portions
- transverse (horizontal) plane - -runs horizontally from right to left, dividing
the body into superior and inferior parts
- sagittal plane - -divides body into left and right
- midsagittal plane - -divides the body into equal right and left sides
- prone position - -lying face down
- supine position - -lying on back, facing upward
- Anterior - -front
- Posterior - -back
- Superior - -Higher on the body, nearer to the head
- Inferior - -away from the head
- Medial - -toward the midline
- Lateral - -away from the midline
- Proximal - -Closer to the point of attachment
- Distal - -farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of
a limb to the body trunk
- Rostral - -toward the nose
- Cranial - -toward the head
- Caudal - -toward the tail
- Polarity - -Molecules having uneven distribution of charges
, - basal surface - -The bottom layer of epithelial tissue that attaches to the
basement membrane
- apical surface - -surface of an epithelial cell that faces away from the
basement membrane
- selective permeability - -A property of a plasma membrane that allows
some substances to cross more easily than others.
- Avascularity - -no blood vessels
- Regeneration - -replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
- simple epithelium - -single layer of cells
- squamous epithelium - -a layer of flattened platelike cells that cover
internal and external body surfaces
- simple squamous epithelium - -single layer of flattened cells
- simple squamous epithelium function - -allows materials to pass by
diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes
lubricating substances in serosae
- simple cuboidal epithelium - -single layer of cube shaped cells
- Simple cuboidal epithelium function - -limited protection, secretion,
absorption
- simple columnar epithelium - -Made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit
closely together
- simple columnar epithelium function - -absorption; secretion of mucus,
enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive
cells) by ciliary action
- stratified squamous epithelium function and location - -Function: protects
underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion
Location: nonkeratinized type forms the moist lining of the esophagus,
mouth, and vagina; keratinized type forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry
membrane.
- pseudostratified columnar epithelium - -tissue that consists of a single
layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of
, multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory
tract
- pseudostratified columnar epithelium function - -secretion, particularly of
mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action
- transitional epithelium function and location - -function: stretches readily
and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine
Location: lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra
- surface parallel transport - -Transport along the luminal surface of the cell
- basement membrane - -Cells at the base of an epithelial layer are
attached to this.
- tight junctions - -Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together,
preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
- adhering junctions - -Complex of adhesion proteins that anchors cells to
each other and to extracellular matrixes.
- Desosomes - -prevent cells from separating during contraction
- gap junctions - -Points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to
another with special membrane proteins. Also called communicating
junctions.
- Microvilli - -projections that increase the cell's surface area
- Cilia - -The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a
wavelike manner
- Metaplasia - -Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
- endocrine glands - -Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products
directly into the blood
- goblet cells - -a column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal
tracts, which secretes the main component of mucus.
- mucin - -protein element of mucus
- exocrine glands - -gland that releases its secretions through tubelike
structures called ducts
381 Questions and Answers
anatomical position - -To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the
hands turned forward
- coronal (frontal) plane - -vertical division of the body into front (anterior)
and back (posterior) portions
- transverse (horizontal) plane - -runs horizontally from right to left, dividing
the body into superior and inferior parts
- sagittal plane - -divides body into left and right
- midsagittal plane - -divides the body into equal right and left sides
- prone position - -lying face down
- supine position - -lying on back, facing upward
- Anterior - -front
- Posterior - -back
- Superior - -Higher on the body, nearer to the head
- Inferior - -away from the head
- Medial - -toward the midline
- Lateral - -away from the midline
- Proximal - -Closer to the point of attachment
- Distal - -farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of
a limb to the body trunk
- Rostral - -toward the nose
- Cranial - -toward the head
- Caudal - -toward the tail
- Polarity - -Molecules having uneven distribution of charges
, - basal surface - -The bottom layer of epithelial tissue that attaches to the
basement membrane
- apical surface - -surface of an epithelial cell that faces away from the
basement membrane
- selective permeability - -A property of a plasma membrane that allows
some substances to cross more easily than others.
- Avascularity - -no blood vessels
- Regeneration - -replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
- simple epithelium - -single layer of cells
- squamous epithelium - -a layer of flattened platelike cells that cover
internal and external body surfaces
- simple squamous epithelium - -single layer of flattened cells
- simple squamous epithelium function - -allows materials to pass by
diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes
lubricating substances in serosae
- simple cuboidal epithelium - -single layer of cube shaped cells
- Simple cuboidal epithelium function - -limited protection, secretion,
absorption
- simple columnar epithelium - -Made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit
closely together
- simple columnar epithelium function - -absorption; secretion of mucus,
enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive
cells) by ciliary action
- stratified squamous epithelium function and location - -Function: protects
underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion
Location: nonkeratinized type forms the moist lining of the esophagus,
mouth, and vagina; keratinized type forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry
membrane.
- pseudostratified columnar epithelium - -tissue that consists of a single
layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of
, multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory
tract
- pseudostratified columnar epithelium function - -secretion, particularly of
mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action
- transitional epithelium function and location - -function: stretches readily
and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine
Location: lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra
- surface parallel transport - -Transport along the luminal surface of the cell
- basement membrane - -Cells at the base of an epithelial layer are
attached to this.
- tight junctions - -Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together,
preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
- adhering junctions - -Complex of adhesion proteins that anchors cells to
each other and to extracellular matrixes.
- Desosomes - -prevent cells from separating during contraction
- gap junctions - -Points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to
another with special membrane proteins. Also called communicating
junctions.
- Microvilli - -projections that increase the cell's surface area
- Cilia - -The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a
wavelike manner
- Metaplasia - -Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
- endocrine glands - -Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products
directly into the blood
- goblet cells - -a column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal
tracts, which secretes the main component of mucus.
- mucin - -protein element of mucus
- exocrine glands - -gland that releases its secretions through tubelike
structures called ducts
