UW madison anatomy 337
terms exam 1|381 Q’s and A’s
To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
- -anatomical position
- vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior)
portions - -coronal (frontal) plane
- runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and
inferior parts - -transverse (horizontal) plane
- divides body into left and right - -sagittal plane
- divides the body into equal right and left sides - -midsagittal plane
- lying face down - -prone position
- lying on back, facing upward - -supine position
- front - -Anterior
- back - -Posterior
- Higher on the body, nearer to the head - -Superior
- away from the head - -Inferior
- toward the midline - -Medial
- away from the midline - -Lateral
- Closer to the point of attachment - -Proximal
- farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb
to the body trunk - -Distal
- toward the nose - -Rostral
- toward the head - -Cranial
- toward the tail - -Caudal
,- Molecules having uneven distribution of charges - -Polarity
- The bottom layer of epithelial tissue that attaches to the basement
membrane - -basal surface
- surface of an epithelial cell that faces away from the basement membrane
- -apical surface
- A property of a plasma membrane that allows some substances to cross
more easily than others. - -selective permeability
- no blood vessels - -Avascularity
- replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells - -Regeneration
- single layer of cells - -simple epithelium
- a layer of flattened platelike cells that cover internal and external body
surfaces - -squamous epithelium
- single layer of flattened cells - -simple squamous epithelium
- allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection
is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae - -simple
squamous epithelium function
- single layer of cube shaped cells - -simple cuboidal epithelium
- limited protection, secretion, absorption - -Simple cuboidal epithelium
function
- Made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit closely together - -simple
columnar epithelium
- absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated
type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action - -simple
columnar epithelium function
- Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion
Location: nonkeratinized type forms the moist lining of the esophagus,
mouth, and vagina; keratinized type forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry
membrane. - -stratified squamous epithelium function and location
, - tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells
that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands
and the upper respiratory tract - -pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- secretion, particularly of mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action - -
pseudostratified columnar epithelium function
- function: stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by
contained urine
Location: lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra - -
transitional epithelium function and location
- Transport along the luminal surface of the cell - -surface parallel transport
- Cells at the base of an epithelial layer are attached to this. - -basement
membrane
- Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage
of extracellular fluid - -tight junctions
- Complex of adhesion proteins that anchors cells to each other and to
extracellular matrixes. - -adhering junctions
- prevent cells from separating during contraction - -Desosomes
- Points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another with
special membrane proteins. Also called communicating junctions. - -gap
junctions
- projections that increase the cell's surface area - -Microvilli
- The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike
manner - -Cilia
- Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type - -Metaplasia
- Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood
- -endocrine glands
- a column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which
secretes the main component of mucus. - -goblet cells
- protein element of mucus - -mucin
terms exam 1|381 Q’s and A’s
To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
- -anatomical position
- vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior)
portions - -coronal (frontal) plane
- runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and
inferior parts - -transverse (horizontal) plane
- divides body into left and right - -sagittal plane
- divides the body into equal right and left sides - -midsagittal plane
- lying face down - -prone position
- lying on back, facing upward - -supine position
- front - -Anterior
- back - -Posterior
- Higher on the body, nearer to the head - -Superior
- away from the head - -Inferior
- toward the midline - -Medial
- away from the midline - -Lateral
- Closer to the point of attachment - -Proximal
- farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb
to the body trunk - -Distal
- toward the nose - -Rostral
- toward the head - -Cranial
- toward the tail - -Caudal
,- Molecules having uneven distribution of charges - -Polarity
- The bottom layer of epithelial tissue that attaches to the basement
membrane - -basal surface
- surface of an epithelial cell that faces away from the basement membrane
- -apical surface
- A property of a plasma membrane that allows some substances to cross
more easily than others. - -selective permeability
- no blood vessels - -Avascularity
- replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells - -Regeneration
- single layer of cells - -simple epithelium
- a layer of flattened platelike cells that cover internal and external body
surfaces - -squamous epithelium
- single layer of flattened cells - -simple squamous epithelium
- allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection
is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae - -simple
squamous epithelium function
- single layer of cube shaped cells - -simple cuboidal epithelium
- limited protection, secretion, absorption - -Simple cuboidal epithelium
function
- Made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit closely together - -simple
columnar epithelium
- absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated
type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action - -simple
columnar epithelium function
- Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion
Location: nonkeratinized type forms the moist lining of the esophagus,
mouth, and vagina; keratinized type forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry
membrane. - -stratified squamous epithelium function and location
, - tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells
that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands
and the upper respiratory tract - -pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- secretion, particularly of mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action - -
pseudostratified columnar epithelium function
- function: stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by
contained urine
Location: lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra - -
transitional epithelium function and location
- Transport along the luminal surface of the cell - -surface parallel transport
- Cells at the base of an epithelial layer are attached to this. - -basement
membrane
- Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage
of extracellular fluid - -tight junctions
- Complex of adhesion proteins that anchors cells to each other and to
extracellular matrixes. - -adhering junctions
- prevent cells from separating during contraction - -Desosomes
- Points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another with
special membrane proteins. Also called communicating junctions. - -gap
junctions
- projections that increase the cell's surface area - -Microvilli
- The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike
manner - -Cilia
- Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type - -Metaplasia
- Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood
- -endocrine glands
- a column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which
secretes the main component of mucus. - -goblet cells
- protein element of mucus - -mucin
