1
BIOL 2600 Final Exam LATEST 2024/2025 100%
ACCURATE GRADED A+ (QUESTION AND ANSWER
Which of the following is NOT a shared property of living things?
a.sexual reproduction
b.response to the environment
c.homeostasis
d.structural organization - (answer)a. sexual reproduction
Describe the four lines of evidence supporting "RNA world." - (answer)Many
present-day protein-based enzymes have cofactors that may be relics of an RNA
world when both catalytic and structural functions were performed by RNA. In
modern organisms, deoxyribonucleotides of DNA are constructed by first
synthesizing a ribonucleotide intermediate and then removing a hydroxyl group
through ribonucleotide reductase. The catalytic site of the ribosome is formed
entirely from RNA. Lab work on the early Earth suggests conditions existed that
included the essential parts of RNA.
When life first evolved, ocean temperatures were ________ and there was
________ atmospheric oxygen.
a.hotter; abundant
b.hotter; no
c.cooler; no
d.cooler; abundant - (answer)b. hotter, no
Which of the following was NOT a source of molecules in the "prebiotic soup"?
, 2
a.
meteorites
b.
deep-sea hydrothermal vents
c.
DNA
d.
domets - (answer)c. DNA
The Miller-Urey experiment is significant because it produced the first scientific
evidence that
a.
conditions on Earth 4 billion years ago could produce RNA.
b.
conditions on Earth 4 billion years ago could produce amino acids.
c.
it is possible to produce DNA under the same conditions as on Earth 4 billion years
ago.
d.
it is possible to produce LUCA in the laboratory. - (answer)b. conditions on Earth 4
billion years ago could produce amino acids.
Which of the following is a reason DNA is favored over RNA as genetic material?
, 3
a.
DNA can self-replicate.
b.
DNA mutates more readily, with a weaker repair machinery.
c.
DNA is more stable and thus is a more efficient transmission system.
d.
DNA makes chromosomes. - (answer)c. DNA is more stable and thus is a more
efficient transmission system.
If horizontal gene transfer was predominant in early evolution, how would this
affect our ability to reconstruct the tree of life?
a.
Horizontal gene transfer places viruses firmly at the beginning of the tree of life.
b.
Horizontal gene transfer blurs the concept of species, making it difficult to
delineate ancestral species.
c.
Horizontal gene transfer means that life-forms do not share a history of common
descent.
d.
Horizontal gene transfer resulted in chloroplasts that confuse the plant lineage. -
(answer)b. Horizontal gene transfer blurs the concept of species, making it
difficult to delineate ancestral species.
, 4
Differentiate between the coming together and staying together routes posited
by evolutionary biologists as leading to multicellularity. - (answer)The basic idea
behind the staying together route—also known as the clonal route—is that
multicellularity arose when, for one reason or another, cells in an ancestral
unicellular lineage remained together after cell replication. In contrast, the
coming together route involves formerly free-living cells joining together during
the early stages of the evolution of multicellularity. The staying together route is
thought to be much more common than the coming together route and is
considered to explain most cases of multicellularity in plants and animals.
Describe two evolutionary costs and two benefits of group living. -
(answer)Benefits of group living include forage-related benefits, which can be
passive, such as game flushed out by predator group foraging movements, or
communication of foraging information among group members. Another benefit
is increased protection from predators, as detailed in the "many eyes" hypothesis.
Costs of group living include increased transmission of parasites with increased
group size and increased competition for the same resources among group
members.
Which of the following statements regarding complexity is true?
a.
Evolution always progresses toward complexity.
b.
Complexity, once gained, can be lost.
c.
Complexity, once gained, cannot be lost.
BIOL 2600 Final Exam LATEST 2024/2025 100%
ACCURATE GRADED A+ (QUESTION AND ANSWER
Which of the following is NOT a shared property of living things?
a.sexual reproduction
b.response to the environment
c.homeostasis
d.structural organization - (answer)a. sexual reproduction
Describe the four lines of evidence supporting "RNA world." - (answer)Many
present-day protein-based enzymes have cofactors that may be relics of an RNA
world when both catalytic and structural functions were performed by RNA. In
modern organisms, deoxyribonucleotides of DNA are constructed by first
synthesizing a ribonucleotide intermediate and then removing a hydroxyl group
through ribonucleotide reductase. The catalytic site of the ribosome is formed
entirely from RNA. Lab work on the early Earth suggests conditions existed that
included the essential parts of RNA.
When life first evolved, ocean temperatures were ________ and there was
________ atmospheric oxygen.
a.hotter; abundant
b.hotter; no
c.cooler; no
d.cooler; abundant - (answer)b. hotter, no
Which of the following was NOT a source of molecules in the "prebiotic soup"?
, 2
a.
meteorites
b.
deep-sea hydrothermal vents
c.
DNA
d.
domets - (answer)c. DNA
The Miller-Urey experiment is significant because it produced the first scientific
evidence that
a.
conditions on Earth 4 billion years ago could produce RNA.
b.
conditions on Earth 4 billion years ago could produce amino acids.
c.
it is possible to produce DNA under the same conditions as on Earth 4 billion years
ago.
d.
it is possible to produce LUCA in the laboratory. - (answer)b. conditions on Earth 4
billion years ago could produce amino acids.
Which of the following is a reason DNA is favored over RNA as genetic material?
, 3
a.
DNA can self-replicate.
b.
DNA mutates more readily, with a weaker repair machinery.
c.
DNA is more stable and thus is a more efficient transmission system.
d.
DNA makes chromosomes. - (answer)c. DNA is more stable and thus is a more
efficient transmission system.
If horizontal gene transfer was predominant in early evolution, how would this
affect our ability to reconstruct the tree of life?
a.
Horizontal gene transfer places viruses firmly at the beginning of the tree of life.
b.
Horizontal gene transfer blurs the concept of species, making it difficult to
delineate ancestral species.
c.
Horizontal gene transfer means that life-forms do not share a history of common
descent.
d.
Horizontal gene transfer resulted in chloroplasts that confuse the plant lineage. -
(answer)b. Horizontal gene transfer blurs the concept of species, making it
difficult to delineate ancestral species.
, 4
Differentiate between the coming together and staying together routes posited
by evolutionary biologists as leading to multicellularity. - (answer)The basic idea
behind the staying together route—also known as the clonal route—is that
multicellularity arose when, for one reason or another, cells in an ancestral
unicellular lineage remained together after cell replication. In contrast, the
coming together route involves formerly free-living cells joining together during
the early stages of the evolution of multicellularity. The staying together route is
thought to be much more common than the coming together route and is
considered to explain most cases of multicellularity in plants and animals.
Describe two evolutionary costs and two benefits of group living. -
(answer)Benefits of group living include forage-related benefits, which can be
passive, such as game flushed out by predator group foraging movements, or
communication of foraging information among group members. Another benefit
is increased protection from predators, as detailed in the "many eyes" hypothesis.
Costs of group living include increased transmission of parasites with increased
group size and increased competition for the same resources among group
members.
Which of the following statements regarding complexity is true?
a.
Evolution always progresses toward complexity.
b.
Complexity, once gained, can be lost.
c.
Complexity, once gained, cannot be lost.
