PSY255 ALL MAIN EXAM GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 2025/2026
psychology in the history of medicine. - -Medicine is used more these days however
because back then everything was more spiritual and herbal
-understood only within the context of a time and place
Holism - the belief that the mind and body are unified
Dualism - separation of the mind and body
Risk genes - may increase the likelihood that we will help develop a disease but do not
directly cause the disease
Deterministic genes - genes that directly cause a disease to develop regardless of
environmental or behavioral intervention
The difference - risk genes may help likelihood to develop a disease while deterministic
genes develop regardless of environmental factors
Psychosomatic medicine: - the branch of medicine that examines the relationships
between mind and body in health and disease
Psychoanalysis - both a psychological theory and a form of psychotherapy originally
developed by Sigmund Freud
-interaction of conscious and unconscious
Autonomic nervous system - part of CNS regulates internal functioning to maintain
homeostasis
Developed countries - countries that have a strong economic and technological
infrastructure
-defined by the country's gross national income
Developing countries - countries that have developing economic and technological
advances
Developmental perspective - considers the influences of age, cohort and time as vital of
development across the lifespan
Germ theory of disease - the theory that attributed disease to microorganisms (bacteria
or fungi)
Globalization - the sharing of ideas, values, goods, services around the world
, Humoral theory if illness - the theory that 4 bloody fluids govern temperament and
health
Illness wellness continuum - the idea that health occurs along a continuum from
debilitating disease to an optimal state of feeling well
Interindividual difference - the differences among people which may include both
subjective and objective factors
Preventive medicin - any efforts to promote and maintain health and offset disease
Quantitative data: - statistically
-more carefu
Qualitative - non-numeric
epidemiology - measuring health and gathering data on health-related issues
-smallpox, typhoid fever, and polio
Independent variable - factors that researchers manipulate
Dependent variable - factors that are observed or measured
Experimental research - manipulated, carefully controlled study that determines the
effects the IV has on the DV
Quasi-experimental research - studies that compare groups of participants on one
dependent variable but do not use random assignment
Control groups - the group not being tested
Clinical trials - Studies done to determine whether a treatment or drug is effective
Experimental protocol - detailed plan of a test which specifies the experimental
Wait list control group - participants do not receive treatment until after the completion of
the study
Correlational research - research that aims at finding relationships or links among
variables
Correlation coefficient - a number between -1 and +1 that represents the strength of the
relationship between two variables.
Positive correlation - when two variables move in the same direction (rises or falls)
-Example: the more stress a patient reports the more painful his or her symptoms are
ANSWERS 2025/2026
psychology in the history of medicine. - -Medicine is used more these days however
because back then everything was more spiritual and herbal
-understood only within the context of a time and place
Holism - the belief that the mind and body are unified
Dualism - separation of the mind and body
Risk genes - may increase the likelihood that we will help develop a disease but do not
directly cause the disease
Deterministic genes - genes that directly cause a disease to develop regardless of
environmental or behavioral intervention
The difference - risk genes may help likelihood to develop a disease while deterministic
genes develop regardless of environmental factors
Psychosomatic medicine: - the branch of medicine that examines the relationships
between mind and body in health and disease
Psychoanalysis - both a psychological theory and a form of psychotherapy originally
developed by Sigmund Freud
-interaction of conscious and unconscious
Autonomic nervous system - part of CNS regulates internal functioning to maintain
homeostasis
Developed countries - countries that have a strong economic and technological
infrastructure
-defined by the country's gross national income
Developing countries - countries that have developing economic and technological
advances
Developmental perspective - considers the influences of age, cohort and time as vital of
development across the lifespan
Germ theory of disease - the theory that attributed disease to microorganisms (bacteria
or fungi)
Globalization - the sharing of ideas, values, goods, services around the world
, Humoral theory if illness - the theory that 4 bloody fluids govern temperament and
health
Illness wellness continuum - the idea that health occurs along a continuum from
debilitating disease to an optimal state of feeling well
Interindividual difference - the differences among people which may include both
subjective and objective factors
Preventive medicin - any efforts to promote and maintain health and offset disease
Quantitative data: - statistically
-more carefu
Qualitative - non-numeric
epidemiology - measuring health and gathering data on health-related issues
-smallpox, typhoid fever, and polio
Independent variable - factors that researchers manipulate
Dependent variable - factors that are observed or measured
Experimental research - manipulated, carefully controlled study that determines the
effects the IV has on the DV
Quasi-experimental research - studies that compare groups of participants on one
dependent variable but do not use random assignment
Control groups - the group not being tested
Clinical trials - Studies done to determine whether a treatment or drug is effective
Experimental protocol - detailed plan of a test which specifies the experimental
Wait list control group - participants do not receive treatment until after the completion of
the study
Correlational research - research that aims at finding relationships or links among
variables
Correlation coefficient - a number between -1 and +1 that represents the strength of the
relationship between two variables.
Positive correlation - when two variables move in the same direction (rises or falls)
-Example: the more stress a patient reports the more painful his or her symptoms are
