RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND STATSTICS IN SPORT USING
IBM SPSS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
5 sampling methods
cluster, random, stratified, systematic, volunteer
Types of Measurement Scales
1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
What is nominal data?
Data that can be placed in categories (colours, Type A/B personality, types of
attachment style).
What is ordinal data?
Data that can be placed in a sequence (e.g. best, worst, okayish; oldest - youngest).
What is interval data?
Data with numbers that are separated by equal intervals (e.g. temp, grades) and has
"arbitrary 0 point"
What is ratio data?
Data with numbers that are separated by equal intervals and has a true zero (e.g.
height, scores on a questionnaire).
, 2 examples of categorical variable
nominal data
ordinal data
2 examples of continuous variable
interval data
ratio data
Histogram
each bars are being attached to each other, no spaces between each bars
what is frequency table?
most common method of organizing data
shows how often certain scores occur
use with both categorical
and continuous variables
types of frequency table
ungrouped (interval size of 1)
grouped (interval size of more than 1)
how to calculate the relative frequency percent (RF%)
RF% = (F/N) x 100
what is cumulative frequency and
how to calculate cumulatvie frequency percent
a running total of frequencies
CF% = ∑RF% at and below the score
CF% represents the percentage of the scores that lie at and below a given score
IBM SPSS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE
5 sampling methods
cluster, random, stratified, systematic, volunteer
Types of Measurement Scales
1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
What is nominal data?
Data that can be placed in categories (colours, Type A/B personality, types of
attachment style).
What is ordinal data?
Data that can be placed in a sequence (e.g. best, worst, okayish; oldest - youngest).
What is interval data?
Data with numbers that are separated by equal intervals (e.g. temp, grades) and has
"arbitrary 0 point"
What is ratio data?
Data with numbers that are separated by equal intervals and has a true zero (e.g.
height, scores on a questionnaire).
, 2 examples of categorical variable
nominal data
ordinal data
2 examples of continuous variable
interval data
ratio data
Histogram
each bars are being attached to each other, no spaces between each bars
what is frequency table?
most common method of organizing data
shows how often certain scores occur
use with both categorical
and continuous variables
types of frequency table
ungrouped (interval size of 1)
grouped (interval size of more than 1)
how to calculate the relative frequency percent (RF%)
RF% = (F/N) x 100
what is cumulative frequency and
how to calculate cumulatvie frequency percent
a running total of frequencies
CF% = ∑RF% at and below the score
CF% represents the percentage of the scores that lie at and below a given score
