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Biology Laboratory Manual, 12e (Vodopich)
Exercise 01 - Scientific Method
1) What is true about science? Check all statements that apply.
A) It is a single entity.
B) It generally contains bias.
C) It is an orderly process.
D) It proceeds by posing and answering questions.
E) It results in scientific experiments are repeatable.
Answer: C, D, E
Explanation: Scientists are often people who retain the curiosity that they had as children. They
observe the natural world, and ask questions about what they observe, and they conduct
experiments to answer their questions. The experiments and process should be unbiased and
orderly, and the results should be repeatable. Science cannot be considered a single entity, because
there are many disciplines within the realm of science.
Section: Introduction
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
Learning Objective: 01.01. Define science and understand the logic and sequence of the
scientific method.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
2) Scientists are the only individuals who use the scientific method.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Anyone can use the scientific method. Using this method just requires a curious,
observant person who uses a logical problem-solving approach.
Section: Introduction
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
Learning Objective: 01.01. Define science and understand the logic and sequence of the
scientific method.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
1
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3) Consider the following general observation: 5) The ________ hypothesis states there will be no difference between the control and
experimental groups in an experiment.
Groups of tadpoles of the same species raised in the lab may have significantly different average
weights. Answer: null
Explanation: Null is generally defined as something that has no effect. A null hypothesis states
Which is a more precise, insightful observation that could be tested? that the variable that is being tested is not something that differs between the control and
A) Woodfrog tadpoles grow larger if fed a meat-based diet. experimental groups.
B) The average weight for groups of bullfrog tadpoles is higher if density of tadpoles per gallon of Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses
water is less than 1. Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
C) Green frog tadpoles grow larger if kept in water above 18°C. Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about
D) All of the choices are correct. the natural world.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Answer: D Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Explanation: Each of these statements links a specific variable to tadpole size.
Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses 6) In a well-designed experiment, only ________ treatment variable that differs between the
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method control and experimental group is tested.
Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about
the natural world. Answer: a single
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate 1
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation one
Explanation: Only a single variable difference establishes a causal relationship between variable
4) What should be considered in formulating a hypothesis? Check all that apply. and effect.
A) The possibility the hypothesis will not be supported by the experimental data Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition
B) Prediction Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
C) The possibility the hypothesis will be proved true Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis.
D) The possibility the hypothesis will be supported by the experimental data Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: A, B, D
Explanation: Hypotheses should be falsifiable, which indicates that a hypothesis may not be
supported by experimental data. A hypothesis may also be supported by experimental data, but it is
never correct to say that a hypothesis has been proved true. Hypotheses can be predictive about the
nature of the effect of a variable.
Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about
the natural world.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
2 3
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7) Imagine that you wish to compare a new diet of a meat-based fish food for tadpoles that are 9) What is the independent variable for the tadpole diet experiment?
raised in the laboratory to the traditional laboratory diet of boiled lettuce. You want to see if the A) Diet
new diet will be associated with an increase in the average weight of the tadpoles. In your B) Tadpole size
experiment you keep all other factors, such as tadpole density per pan, temperature, pH, and the C) Species of tadpole
amount of food the same. The only difference between your control and experimental groups is the D) Lab conditions
type of food the tadpoles receive.
Answer: A
Which is a null hypothesis for this tadpole experiment? Explanation: The independent variable is what would cause the potential change that is being
A) Tadpoles will be larger if fed a meat-based diet. examined.
B) Tadpoles will be larger if fed boiled lettuce. Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition
C) Diet will have no effect on tadpole size. Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
D) Tadpole size will be more variable if fed a meat-based diet. Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis.
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
Answer: C Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Explanation: A null hypothesis states that the variable under examination does not cause a
difference in what is being measured in the control and experimental groups. In this experiment the 10) What is the dependent variable for the tadpole diet experiment?
effect of different diets on tadpole size is being measured. A null hypothesis would state that A) Diet
different diets do not impact tadpole size. B) Size of tadpoles
Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses C) Tadpole species
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method D) Lab conditions
Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about
the natural world. Answer: B
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate Explanation: The dependent variable is what will be measured.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
8) Which is an alternate, nonpredictive hypothesis for the tadpole diet experiment? Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis.
A) Tadpole size will increase if they are fed a meat-based diet. Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
B) Tadpole size will decrease if they are fed lettuce. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
C) Tadpole size will be unaffected by diet.
D) Tadpole size will differ if groups of tadpoles are fed different diets. 11) In the tadpole diet experiment, it would be sufficient to test only one single pan of tadpoles that
were fed lettuce, and only one single pan of tadpoles fed meat.
Answer: D
Explanation: An alternate, nonpredictive hypothesis would state that the tadpoles would differ, Answer: FALSE
but would not state how the tadpoles would differ. Explanation: Multiple replicates provide greater confidence that results are correct and that the
Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses experiment is repeatable.
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition
Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
the natural world. Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis.
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
4 5
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12) After you weigh your tadpoles at the conclusion of the experiment, how would you determine 14) You have just finished weighing a pan of tadpoles at the conclusion of your experiment in
if the type of diet significantly impacted tadpole size? which you sought to determine whether tadpoles that were fed the meat-based diet grew
A) The final conclusion should be based on your impressions/opinions. significantly larger than tadpoles that were fed boiled lettuce. This pan of tadpoles was fed the
B) The data should undergo statistical analysis. meat-based diet. You used an electronic balance to weigh your tadpoles, so you
C) The average of the control group should be compared to the average of the experimental group. have not estimated the last digit of the measurements. For practical purposes, you will assess a
D) You must meet with other scientists to discuss the results and form an opinion. small data set of eight tadpoles. The individual weights of the tadpoles were as follows:
Answer: B • 55.99 mg
Explanation: The use of statistics makes the analysis objective. • 56.45 mg
Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition • 58.67 mg
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method • 56.15 mg
Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis. • 58.56 mg
Bloom's: 3. Apply • 60.43 mg
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation • 59.11 mg
• 61.33 mg
13) What is not a question that can be answered using the scientific method?
A) Does the amount of daylight have an effect on tadpole growth? What is the mean of this sample?
B) Is the length of the larval period variable for tadpoles within a species?
C) Are wood frog tadpoles cuter than bullfrog tadpoles? Answer: 58
D) Is adult frog size related to size as a tadpole? Explanation: The mean is calculated by adding the individual measurements together and then
dividing by the number of individuals in the sample.
Answer: C Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition
Explanation: This cannot be answered in an objective manner; it is a matter of opinion. Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
Section: Introduction Learning Objective: 01.03. Calculate the range, mean, and standard deviation for a set of
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method replicate measurements.
Learning Objective: 01.01. Define science and understand the logic and sequence of the Bloom's: 4. Analyze
scientific method. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
6 7
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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Vodopich
Biology Laboratory Manual, 12e (Vodopich)
Exercise 01 - Scientific Method
1) What is true about science? Check all statements that apply.
A) It is a single entity.
B) It generally contains bias.
C) It is an orderly process.
D) It proceeds by posing and answering questions.
E) It results in scientific experiments are repeatable.
Answer: C, D, E
Explanation: Scientists are often people who retain the curiosity that they had as children. They
observe the natural world, and ask questions about what they observe, and they conduct
experiments to answer their questions. The experiments and process should be unbiased and
orderly, and the results should be repeatable. Science cannot be considered a single entity, because
there are many disciplines within the realm of science.
Section: Introduction
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
Learning Objective: 01.01. Define science and understand the logic and sequence of the
scientific method.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
2) Scientists are the only individuals who use the scientific method.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Anyone can use the scientific method. Using this method just requires a curious,
observant person who uses a logical problem-solving approach.
Section: Introduction
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
Learning Objective: 01.01. Define science and understand the logic and sequence of the
scientific method.
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
1
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Biology Laboratory Manual 12th Edition DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Biology Laboratory Manual 12th Edition
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3) Consider the following general observation: 5) The ________ hypothesis states there will be no difference between the control and
experimental groups in an experiment.
Groups of tadpoles of the same species raised in the lab may have significantly different average
weights. Answer: null
Explanation: Null is generally defined as something that has no effect. A null hypothesis states
Which is a more precise, insightful observation that could be tested? that the variable that is being tested is not something that differs between the control and
A) Woodfrog tadpoles grow larger if fed a meat-based diet. experimental groups.
B) The average weight for groups of bullfrog tadpoles is higher if density of tadpoles per gallon of Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses
water is less than 1. Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
C) Green frog tadpoles grow larger if kept in water above 18°C. Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about
D) All of the choices are correct. the natural world.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Answer: D Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Explanation: Each of these statements links a specific variable to tadpole size.
Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses 6) In a well-designed experiment, only ________ treatment variable that differs between the
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method control and experimental group is tested.
Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about
the natural world. Answer: a single
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate 1
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation one
Explanation: Only a single variable difference establishes a causal relationship between variable
4) What should be considered in formulating a hypothesis? Check all that apply. and effect.
A) The possibility the hypothesis will not be supported by the experimental data Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition
B) Prediction Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
C) The possibility the hypothesis will be proved true Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis.
D) The possibility the hypothesis will be supported by the experimental data Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Answer: A, B, D
Explanation: Hypotheses should be falsifiable, which indicates that a hypothesis may not be
supported by experimental data. A hypothesis may also be supported by experimental data, but it is
never correct to say that a hypothesis has been proved true. Hypotheses can be predictive about the
nature of the effect of a variable.
Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about
the natural world.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
2 3
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
mynursytest.store mynursytest.store
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Vodopich Vodopich
7) Imagine that you wish to compare a new diet of a meat-based fish food for tadpoles that are 9) What is the independent variable for the tadpole diet experiment?
raised in the laboratory to the traditional laboratory diet of boiled lettuce. You want to see if the A) Diet
new diet will be associated with an increase in the average weight of the tadpoles. In your B) Tadpole size
experiment you keep all other factors, such as tadpole density per pan, temperature, pH, and the C) Species of tadpole
amount of food the same. The only difference between your control and experimental groups is the D) Lab conditions
type of food the tadpoles receive.
Answer: A
Which is a null hypothesis for this tadpole experiment? Explanation: The independent variable is what would cause the potential change that is being
A) Tadpoles will be larger if fed a meat-based diet. examined.
B) Tadpoles will be larger if fed boiled lettuce. Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition
C) Diet will have no effect on tadpole size. Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
D) Tadpole size will be more variable if fed a meat-based diet. Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis.
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
Answer: C Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Explanation: A null hypothesis states that the variable under examination does not cause a
difference in what is being measured in the control and experimental groups. In this experiment the 10) What is the dependent variable for the tadpole diet experiment?
effect of different diets on tadpole size is being measured. A null hypothesis would state that A) Diet
different diets do not impact tadpole size. B) Size of tadpoles
Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses C) Tadpole species
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method D) Lab conditions
Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about
the natural world. Answer: B
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate Explanation: The dependent variable is what will be measured.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
8) Which is an alternate, nonpredictive hypothesis for the tadpole diet experiment? Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis.
A) Tadpole size will increase if they are fed a meat-based diet. Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
B) Tadpole size will decrease if they are fed lettuce. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
C) Tadpole size will be unaffected by diet.
D) Tadpole size will differ if groups of tadpoles are fed different diets. 11) In the tadpole diet experiment, it would be sufficient to test only one single pan of tadpoles that
were fed lettuce, and only one single pan of tadpoles fed meat.
Answer: D
Explanation: An alternate, nonpredictive hypothesis would state that the tadpoles would differ, Answer: FALSE
but would not state how the tadpoles would differ. Explanation: Multiple replicates provide greater confidence that results are correct and that the
Section: Development of Observations, Questions, and Hypotheses experiment is repeatable.
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition
Learning Objective: 01.02. Develop productive observations, questions, and hypotheses about Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
the natural world. Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis.
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
4 5
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written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
mynursytest.store mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Biology Laboratory Manual 12th Edition DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Biology Laboratory Manual 12th Edition
Vodopich Vodopich
12) After you weigh your tadpoles at the conclusion of the experiment, how would you determine 14) You have just finished weighing a pan of tadpoles at the conclusion of your experiment in
if the type of diet significantly impacted tadpole size? which you sought to determine whether tadpoles that were fed the meat-based diet grew
A) The final conclusion should be based on your impressions/opinions. significantly larger than tadpoles that were fed boiled lettuce. This pan of tadpoles was fed the
B) The data should undergo statistical analysis. meat-based diet. You used an electronic balance to weigh your tadpoles, so you
C) The average of the control group should be compared to the average of the experimental group. have not estimated the last digit of the measurements. For practical purposes, you will assess a
D) You must meet with other scientists to discuss the results and form an opinion. small data set of eight tadpoles. The individual weights of the tadpoles were as follows:
Answer: B • 55.99 mg
Explanation: The use of statistics makes the analysis objective. • 56.45 mg
Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition • 58.67 mg
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method • 56.15 mg
Learning Objective: 01.04. Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test a null hypothesis. • 58.56 mg
Bloom's: 3. Apply • 60.43 mg
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation • 59.11 mg
• 61.33 mg
13) What is not a question that can be answered using the scientific method?
A) Does the amount of daylight have an effect on tadpole growth? What is the mean of this sample?
B) Is the length of the larval period variable for tadpoles within a species?
C) Are wood frog tadpoles cuter than bullfrog tadpoles? Answer: 58
D) Is adult frog size related to size as a tadpole? Explanation: The mean is calculated by adding the individual measurements together and then
dividing by the number of individuals in the sample.
Answer: C Section: Experimentation and Data Analysis: Yeast Nutrition
Explanation: This cannot be answered in an objective manner; it is a matter of opinion. Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method
Section: Introduction Learning Objective: 01.03. Calculate the range, mean, and standard deviation for a set of
Topic: A View of Life; Scientific Method replicate measurements.
Learning Objective: 01.01. Define science and understand the logic and sequence of the Bloom's: 4. Analyze
scientific method. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
6 7
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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