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BIO 340: Genetics Exam III (Mangone)
Questions&Answers/ Already Graded A+.
What is a gene? - (ANSWER)Fundamental unit of inheritance
Origin of the word "gene" - (ANSWER)greek: genos (origin), and genesis (birth)
Gregor Mendel Experiment - (ANSWER)-pea plants
-traits do not blend in offspring
-traits are discreet, distinct entities
Thomas Hunt Morgan Experiment - (ANSWER)-genes are arranged linearly
-crossing over is proportional to gene distance
Frederick Griffith's Transformation Experiment - (ANSWER)-heat-killed virulent
strain transformed avirulent strain into virulent
-supported bacterial transformation of form and function
-coined phenomenon "transformation"
-*a chemical component of cells could introduce new, heritable trait to cell*
Beadle & Tatum - (ANSWER)-mutations = defects
-1 gene = 1 enzyme (polypeptide)
, 2
Aver, McLeod, & McCarty - (ANSWER)-*DNA is transforming factor*
-used test tubes to rule out other factors (protein, etc)
-taking out DNA did not change new cells, so DNA was the transferring factor
Hershey-Chase Experiment - (ANSWER)-bacteriophages transform cells by
inserting DNA
-signaled DNA with radioactive phosphorus in one test and proteins (sulfur) in
another, the cells with radioactive properties would reveal the transferring
mechanism
-*DNA is genetic material*
Erwin Chargaff - (ANSWER)-A is proportional to T
-C is proportional to G
-A+T does not equal G+C
What are nucleotides and what are they made of? - (ANSWER)-building blocks of
DNA
-made of 1 pentose sugar, 1 nitrogenous base, 1 phosphate group
-phosphodisyer bond
Purines - (ANSWER)-Adenine and Guanine
-form 2 hydrogen bonds
, 3
Pyrimidines - (ANSWER)-Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil (RNA)
-form 3 hydrogen bonds
Watson & Crick - (ANSWER)-*DNA is right-handed double helix with antiparallel
strands*
-composed of 10 stacked bases per turn
-minor groove is 12 Å (1.2 nm)
-major groove is 22 Å (2.2 nm)
-complete turn is 34 Å (3.4 nm)
Fiers (1971) - (ANSWER)first gene and sequence cloned
Overview of Protein Formation - (ANSWER)DNA -> Transcription -> Splice out
Introns -> Translation -> Amino Acid Chain -> Polypeptide -> Protein
conservative - (ANSWER)original helix is converted and two newly synthesized
strands come together
semiconservative - (ANSWER)DNA replicates in this way
-one "old" and one "new"
-replication can be circular or linear
BIO 340: Genetics Exam III (Mangone)
Questions&Answers/ Already Graded A+.
What is a gene? - (ANSWER)Fundamental unit of inheritance
Origin of the word "gene" - (ANSWER)greek: genos (origin), and genesis (birth)
Gregor Mendel Experiment - (ANSWER)-pea plants
-traits do not blend in offspring
-traits are discreet, distinct entities
Thomas Hunt Morgan Experiment - (ANSWER)-genes are arranged linearly
-crossing over is proportional to gene distance
Frederick Griffith's Transformation Experiment - (ANSWER)-heat-killed virulent
strain transformed avirulent strain into virulent
-supported bacterial transformation of form and function
-coined phenomenon "transformation"
-*a chemical component of cells could introduce new, heritable trait to cell*
Beadle & Tatum - (ANSWER)-mutations = defects
-1 gene = 1 enzyme (polypeptide)
, 2
Aver, McLeod, & McCarty - (ANSWER)-*DNA is transforming factor*
-used test tubes to rule out other factors (protein, etc)
-taking out DNA did not change new cells, so DNA was the transferring factor
Hershey-Chase Experiment - (ANSWER)-bacteriophages transform cells by
inserting DNA
-signaled DNA with radioactive phosphorus in one test and proteins (sulfur) in
another, the cells with radioactive properties would reveal the transferring
mechanism
-*DNA is genetic material*
Erwin Chargaff - (ANSWER)-A is proportional to T
-C is proportional to G
-A+T does not equal G+C
What are nucleotides and what are they made of? - (ANSWER)-building blocks of
DNA
-made of 1 pentose sugar, 1 nitrogenous base, 1 phosphate group
-phosphodisyer bond
Purines - (ANSWER)-Adenine and Guanine
-form 2 hydrogen bonds
, 3
Pyrimidines - (ANSWER)-Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil (RNA)
-form 3 hydrogen bonds
Watson & Crick - (ANSWER)-*DNA is right-handed double helix with antiparallel
strands*
-composed of 10 stacked bases per turn
-minor groove is 12 Å (1.2 nm)
-major groove is 22 Å (2.2 nm)
-complete turn is 34 Å (3.4 nm)
Fiers (1971) - (ANSWER)first gene and sequence cloned
Overview of Protein Formation - (ANSWER)DNA -> Transcription -> Splice out
Introns -> Translation -> Amino Acid Chain -> Polypeptide -> Protein
conservative - (ANSWER)original helix is converted and two newly synthesized
strands come together
semiconservative - (ANSWER)DNA replicates in this way
-one "old" and one "new"
-replication can be circular or linear
