1. Which structure is primarily affected in keratoconjunctivitis sicca
(dry eye syndrome)?
A. Retina
B. Cornea
C. Meibomian Glands
D. Lacrimal Gland
Answer: D) Lacrimal Gland
Rationale: Dysfunction of the lacrimal gland leads to reduced tear
production, a hallmark of dry eye syndrome.
2. What is the primary function of aqueous humor?
A. Provide nutrients to the cornea and lens
B. Maintain intraocular pressure
C. Refract light entering the eye
D. Both A and B
Answer: D) Both A and B
Rationale: Aqueous humor supplies nutrients to avascular structures
like the lens and cornea and helps maintain intraocular pressure.
3. What is the gold standard for diagnosing open-angle glaucoma?
,A. Visual Field Testing
B. Tonometry
C. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
D. Gonioscopy
Answer: D) Gonioscopy
Rationale: Gonioscopy is the gold standard for evaluating the angle of
the anterior chamber, essential in diagnosing glaucoma types.
4. Which test is used to diagnose central serous chorioretinopathy?
A. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
B. Fluorescein Angiography
C. Visual Field Testing
D. Tonometry
Answer: A) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Rationale: OCT can detect fluid accumulation beneath the retina, a key
feature of central serous chorioretinopathy.
5. What is the most common cause of childhood blindness worldwide?
A. Vitamin A Deficiency
B. Congenital Cataract
C. Retinopathy of Prematurity
D. Congenital Glaucoma
, Answer: A) Vitamin A Deficiency
Rationale: Vitamin A deficiency is a leading cause of preventable
childhood blindness, especially in developing countries.
6. Which test is used to assess corneal endothelial cell count?
A. Pachymetry
B. Specular Microscopy
C. Slit-Lamp Examination
D. Tonometry
Answer: B) Specular Microscopy
Rationale: Specular microscopy measures endothelial cell count and
morphology, crucial for assessing corneal health.
7. A 28-year-old female presents with sudden vision loss in one eye and
pain worsened by eye movement. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Optic Neuritis
B. Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
C. Retinal Vein Occlusion
D. Giant Cell Arteritis
Answer: A) Optic Neuritis
Rationale: Optic neuritis often presents with painful vision loss and is
associated with demyelinating conditions like multiple sclerosis.
(dry eye syndrome)?
A. Retina
B. Cornea
C. Meibomian Glands
D. Lacrimal Gland
Answer: D) Lacrimal Gland
Rationale: Dysfunction of the lacrimal gland leads to reduced tear
production, a hallmark of dry eye syndrome.
2. What is the primary function of aqueous humor?
A. Provide nutrients to the cornea and lens
B. Maintain intraocular pressure
C. Refract light entering the eye
D. Both A and B
Answer: D) Both A and B
Rationale: Aqueous humor supplies nutrients to avascular structures
like the lens and cornea and helps maintain intraocular pressure.
3. What is the gold standard for diagnosing open-angle glaucoma?
,A. Visual Field Testing
B. Tonometry
C. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
D. Gonioscopy
Answer: D) Gonioscopy
Rationale: Gonioscopy is the gold standard for evaluating the angle of
the anterior chamber, essential in diagnosing glaucoma types.
4. Which test is used to diagnose central serous chorioretinopathy?
A. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
B. Fluorescein Angiography
C. Visual Field Testing
D. Tonometry
Answer: A) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Rationale: OCT can detect fluid accumulation beneath the retina, a key
feature of central serous chorioretinopathy.
5. What is the most common cause of childhood blindness worldwide?
A. Vitamin A Deficiency
B. Congenital Cataract
C. Retinopathy of Prematurity
D. Congenital Glaucoma
, Answer: A) Vitamin A Deficiency
Rationale: Vitamin A deficiency is a leading cause of preventable
childhood blindness, especially in developing countries.
6. Which test is used to assess corneal endothelial cell count?
A. Pachymetry
B. Specular Microscopy
C. Slit-Lamp Examination
D. Tonometry
Answer: B) Specular Microscopy
Rationale: Specular microscopy measures endothelial cell count and
morphology, crucial for assessing corneal health.
7. A 28-year-old female presents with sudden vision loss in one eye and
pain worsened by eye movement. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Optic Neuritis
B. Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
C. Retinal Vein Occlusion
D. Giant Cell Arteritis
Answer: A) Optic Neuritis
Rationale: Optic neuritis often presents with painful vision loss and is
associated with demyelinating conditions like multiple sclerosis.
