©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:08PM. A+
HNF 150 Exam Questions With Correct
Answers 100% Verified.
Understand the concept of nutrient density and state how it can be used to determine the
healthfulness of foods - Answer✔Nutrient Density- foods rich in nutrients relative to their
energy content (calories).
Usually whole foods= energy dense
Higher in nutrients, lower in calories = More Nutrient Dense
Fruits and veggies= energy dense
Identify the six classes of nutrients. Recall the energy yield (kcal/gram) for carbohydrate,
protein, fat, and alcohol. - Answer✔Water: need in largest quantity to replace water lost thru
sweat, breath, urine
Alcohol: 7 kcal/g
Carbohydrates: energy to function 4 kcal/g
Fats: energy to function, insulation 9 kcal/g
Proteins: energy, gives materials that form structures and working parts of tissues 4 kcal/g
Vitamins: serve as structures or regulators of body processes
Minerals: serve as structures or regulators of body processes
State the 5 characteristics of a nutritious diet: adequacy, balance, calorie control, moderation
and variety, and recognize an example of each characteristic. - Answer✔Adequacy- the foods
provide enough of each essential nutrient, fiber, and energy.
Balance- the choices do not overemphasize one nutrient or food type at the expense of
another.
Calorie Control- the foods provide the amount of energy you need to maintain appropriate
weight—not more, not less.
1
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:08PM. A+
Moderation- the foods do not provide an excess of fat, salt, sugar, or other unwanted "empty
calorie" constituents. Not eating far too much or far too little.
Variety- the foods chosen differ from one day to the next.
Identify the steps of the scientific method. - Answer✔
List the 5 characteristics scientists evaluate when weighing the totality of evidence about a
specific nutrition question. - Answer✔Consistency
Strength (Strong correlations)
Biologically plausible
Dose dependent
Specifc
Describe and recognize an example of the major types of research studies. - Answer✔Case
studies
Studies of individuals
Epidemiological studies
Study of populations
For example, migrations studies that follow populations from one food environment to another
(whole diet patterns)
Types
-Cross-sectional- measuring disease/condition at one time point between two or more groups
-Case-control- identifying cases (those with disease/condition) and comparing to controls
(those without disease/condition)
-Cohort- following healthy population to see how many develop disease/condition
Intervention Studies (Controlled/Clinical Trials)
Researchers actively intervene in one group of the population (experimental group) and
compare to a group that does not receive the intervention (control group)
Laboratory studies
Studies performed under tightly controlled situations; often involve animals
List the health properties of garlic, and which compounds are responsible for the health
benefits and odor. - Answer✔Contains sulfur compounds which are released when garlic is
crushed or cut.
2
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:08PM. A+
Sulfur compounds are responsible for odor and healing properties.
Garlic is antimicrobial, antifungal, and antithrombotic, (prevents blood clots)
Rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, thiamin, and Vitamin C
Garlic and onions enhance the absorption of iron and zinc bound up by phytate in whole grains.
Identify credible sources and credentials of experts in the field of nutrition who provide reliable
nutrition information. - Answer✔Professional health organization (american dietetic
association, American Cancer Society), government health agencies(FDA/USDA/DHHS), certain
consumer watchdog agencies (national council against health fraud), reputable consumer
groups (better business bureau)
Scientific study published in a peer review journal, news report that accurately describes
research results, report should define study subjects.
Recognize cues within nutrition information that could be misleading in advertising and media.
- Answer✔News media often sensationalizes single study findings and are not always
trustworthy sources of nutrition information.
Too good to be true, suspicions about food supply, testimonials, false credentials, unpublished
studies, persecution claims, sources not cited
Motive: personal gain, advertisement, latest innovation vs time-tested
Whole foods (not the supermarket!) - Answer✔Whole foods are unrefined (or largely
unprocessed), which means that they are as close to their natural form as possible.
Fresh fruits and veggies, grains, fish, meat, milk.
Processed foods - Answer✔Processed foods are any food that's changed from its natural state.
This can
include food that was simply cut, washed, heated, pasteurized, canned, uncooked, frozen,
dried, dehydrated, mixed, or packaged.
Examples: Tomato sauce, smoked or canned fish, canned fruits and veggies, frozen fruits and
veggies, cheddar cheese, hummus, etc.
Ultra-processed foods - Answer✔They are designed by the food industry to be convenient
(ready-to-consume or ready-to-heat), attractive (hyper-palatable), profitable (low-cost
ingredients and long shelf life).
Cakes cookies, chips, mac n cheese, frozen pizzas, frozen dinners, tater tots, fast food, etc
In many parts of the world, ultra-processed foods are now dominating the daily diet.
3
HNF 150 Exam Questions With Correct
Answers 100% Verified.
Understand the concept of nutrient density and state how it can be used to determine the
healthfulness of foods - Answer✔Nutrient Density- foods rich in nutrients relative to their
energy content (calories).
Usually whole foods= energy dense
Higher in nutrients, lower in calories = More Nutrient Dense
Fruits and veggies= energy dense
Identify the six classes of nutrients. Recall the energy yield (kcal/gram) for carbohydrate,
protein, fat, and alcohol. - Answer✔Water: need in largest quantity to replace water lost thru
sweat, breath, urine
Alcohol: 7 kcal/g
Carbohydrates: energy to function 4 kcal/g
Fats: energy to function, insulation 9 kcal/g
Proteins: energy, gives materials that form structures and working parts of tissues 4 kcal/g
Vitamins: serve as structures or regulators of body processes
Minerals: serve as structures or regulators of body processes
State the 5 characteristics of a nutritious diet: adequacy, balance, calorie control, moderation
and variety, and recognize an example of each characteristic. - Answer✔Adequacy- the foods
provide enough of each essential nutrient, fiber, and energy.
Balance- the choices do not overemphasize one nutrient or food type at the expense of
another.
Calorie Control- the foods provide the amount of energy you need to maintain appropriate
weight—not more, not less.
1
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:08PM. A+
Moderation- the foods do not provide an excess of fat, salt, sugar, or other unwanted "empty
calorie" constituents. Not eating far too much or far too little.
Variety- the foods chosen differ from one day to the next.
Identify the steps of the scientific method. - Answer✔
List the 5 characteristics scientists evaluate when weighing the totality of evidence about a
specific nutrition question. - Answer✔Consistency
Strength (Strong correlations)
Biologically plausible
Dose dependent
Specifc
Describe and recognize an example of the major types of research studies. - Answer✔Case
studies
Studies of individuals
Epidemiological studies
Study of populations
For example, migrations studies that follow populations from one food environment to another
(whole diet patterns)
Types
-Cross-sectional- measuring disease/condition at one time point between two or more groups
-Case-control- identifying cases (those with disease/condition) and comparing to controls
(those without disease/condition)
-Cohort- following healthy population to see how many develop disease/condition
Intervention Studies (Controlled/Clinical Trials)
Researchers actively intervene in one group of the population (experimental group) and
compare to a group that does not receive the intervention (control group)
Laboratory studies
Studies performed under tightly controlled situations; often involve animals
List the health properties of garlic, and which compounds are responsible for the health
benefits and odor. - Answer✔Contains sulfur compounds which are released when garlic is
crushed or cut.
2
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:08PM. A+
Sulfur compounds are responsible for odor and healing properties.
Garlic is antimicrobial, antifungal, and antithrombotic, (prevents blood clots)
Rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, thiamin, and Vitamin C
Garlic and onions enhance the absorption of iron and zinc bound up by phytate in whole grains.
Identify credible sources and credentials of experts in the field of nutrition who provide reliable
nutrition information. - Answer✔Professional health organization (american dietetic
association, American Cancer Society), government health agencies(FDA/USDA/DHHS), certain
consumer watchdog agencies (national council against health fraud), reputable consumer
groups (better business bureau)
Scientific study published in a peer review journal, news report that accurately describes
research results, report should define study subjects.
Recognize cues within nutrition information that could be misleading in advertising and media.
- Answer✔News media often sensationalizes single study findings and are not always
trustworthy sources of nutrition information.
Too good to be true, suspicions about food supply, testimonials, false credentials, unpublished
studies, persecution claims, sources not cited
Motive: personal gain, advertisement, latest innovation vs time-tested
Whole foods (not the supermarket!) - Answer✔Whole foods are unrefined (or largely
unprocessed), which means that they are as close to their natural form as possible.
Fresh fruits and veggies, grains, fish, meat, milk.
Processed foods - Answer✔Processed foods are any food that's changed from its natural state.
This can
include food that was simply cut, washed, heated, pasteurized, canned, uncooked, frozen,
dried, dehydrated, mixed, or packaged.
Examples: Tomato sauce, smoked or canned fish, canned fruits and veggies, frozen fruits and
veggies, cheddar cheese, hummus, etc.
Ultra-processed foods - Answer✔They are designed by the food industry to be convenient
(ready-to-consume or ready-to-heat), attractive (hyper-palatable), profitable (low-cost
ingredients and long shelf life).
Cakes cookies, chips, mac n cheese, frozen pizzas, frozen dinners, tater tots, fast food, etc
In many parts of the world, ultra-processed foods are now dominating the daily diet.
3
