ESTUDYR
NUR251 MODULE 2 HAEMODYNAMIC SYSTEM UPDATED EXAM WITH
MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | ASSURED
SUCCESS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
1. What is homeostasis?
A. The state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body
B. The process of breaking down food for energy
C. The body's response to external stimuli
D. The process of cell division
Answer: A. The state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body
Rationale: Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite
external changes.
2. What should a nurse do to help a postoperative patient with fluid volume deficit ambulate?
A. Encourage the patient to walk independently
B. Assist the patient to move into different positions in stages
C. Administer a sedative to reduce movement
D. Provide a wheelchair for all mobility
Answer: B. Assist the patient to move into different positions in stages
Rationale: Gradual movement helps prevent dizziness and falls in patients with fluid volume deficit.
3. Why is a person with hypovolaemia at increased risk of injury?
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Dizziness and loss of balance due to decreased cerebral perfusion
C. Overhydration
D. Increased muscle strength
Answer: B. Dizziness and loss of balance due to decreased cerebral perfusion
Rationale: Hypovolaemia reduces blood flow to the brain, causing dizziness and balance issues.
4. How should 40 mEq of potassium replacement be administered?
A. Orally as a tablet
B. Mixed in with prescribed intravenous fluid
,ESTUDYR
C. As a rapid IV bolus
D. Subcutaneously
Answer: B. Mixed in with prescribed intravenous fluid
Rationale: Potassium must be diluted in IV fluids to prevent complications like hyperkalaemia.
5. What is a key rule for administering potassium?
A. Administer as a rapid IV bolus
B. No faster than 10-20 mEq/hour
C. Administer undiluted
D. Administer orally without monitoring
Answer: B. No faster than 10-20 mEq/hour
Rationale: Rapid administration of potassium can cause hyperkalaemia and cardiac arrest.
6. What can rapid administration of potassium lead to?
A. Hypokalaemia
B. Hyperkalaemia and cardiac arrest
C. Increased urine output
D. Dehydration
Answer: B. Hyperkalaemia and cardiac arrest
Rationale: Rapid potassium infusion can cause dangerously high potassium levels, leading to cardiac
arrest.
7. A patient stranded in bushland for 5 days without fresh water is at greatest risk of developing
what?
A. Cerebral bleeding
B. Hypokalaemia
C. Hypervolaemia
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Answer: A. Cerebral bleeding
Rationale: Severe dehydration and hypernatremia can lead to cerebral bleeding due to cellular
shrinkage.
, ESTUDYR
8. What is hypernatremia?
A. Elevated sodium levels due to excess sodium intake
B. Elevated sodium levels due to a deficit of free water
C. Low sodium levels due to excess water intake
D. Low sodium levels due to sodium loss
Answer: B. Elevated sodium levels due to a deficit of free water
Rationale: Hypernatremia is caused by a relative deficit of free water, not excess sodium.
9. What electrolytes are most affected in acute renal failure?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: The kidneys regulate potassium, and renal failure impairs potassium excretion, leading to
hyperkalaemia.
10. What is the primary cause of hyperkalaemia?
A. Excessive potassium intake
B. Impaired renal excretion of potassium
C. Increased urine output
D. Dehydration
Answer: B. Impaired renal excretion of potassium
Rationale: Hyperkalaemia is often caused by the kidneys' inability to excrete potassium.
11. What is oliguria?
A. Production of abnormally large amounts of urine
B. Production of abnormally small amounts of urine
C. Complete absence of urine production
D. Painful urination
Answer: B. Production of abnormally small amounts of urine
Rationale: Oliguria is defined as urine output of less than 400 mL/day.
NUR251 MODULE 2 HAEMODYNAMIC SYSTEM UPDATED EXAM WITH
MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | ASSURED
SUCCESS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
1. What is homeostasis?
A. The state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body
B. The process of breaking down food for energy
C. The body's response to external stimuli
D. The process of cell division
Answer: A. The state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body
Rationale: Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite
external changes.
2. What should a nurse do to help a postoperative patient with fluid volume deficit ambulate?
A. Encourage the patient to walk independently
B. Assist the patient to move into different positions in stages
C. Administer a sedative to reduce movement
D. Provide a wheelchair for all mobility
Answer: B. Assist the patient to move into different positions in stages
Rationale: Gradual movement helps prevent dizziness and falls in patients with fluid volume deficit.
3. Why is a person with hypovolaemia at increased risk of injury?
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Dizziness and loss of balance due to decreased cerebral perfusion
C. Overhydration
D. Increased muscle strength
Answer: B. Dizziness and loss of balance due to decreased cerebral perfusion
Rationale: Hypovolaemia reduces blood flow to the brain, causing dizziness and balance issues.
4. How should 40 mEq of potassium replacement be administered?
A. Orally as a tablet
B. Mixed in with prescribed intravenous fluid
,ESTUDYR
C. As a rapid IV bolus
D. Subcutaneously
Answer: B. Mixed in with prescribed intravenous fluid
Rationale: Potassium must be diluted in IV fluids to prevent complications like hyperkalaemia.
5. What is a key rule for administering potassium?
A. Administer as a rapid IV bolus
B. No faster than 10-20 mEq/hour
C. Administer undiluted
D. Administer orally without monitoring
Answer: B. No faster than 10-20 mEq/hour
Rationale: Rapid administration of potassium can cause hyperkalaemia and cardiac arrest.
6. What can rapid administration of potassium lead to?
A. Hypokalaemia
B. Hyperkalaemia and cardiac arrest
C. Increased urine output
D. Dehydration
Answer: B. Hyperkalaemia and cardiac arrest
Rationale: Rapid potassium infusion can cause dangerously high potassium levels, leading to cardiac
arrest.
7. A patient stranded in bushland for 5 days without fresh water is at greatest risk of developing
what?
A. Cerebral bleeding
B. Hypokalaemia
C. Hypervolaemia
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Answer: A. Cerebral bleeding
Rationale: Severe dehydration and hypernatremia can lead to cerebral bleeding due to cellular
shrinkage.
, ESTUDYR
8. What is hypernatremia?
A. Elevated sodium levels due to excess sodium intake
B. Elevated sodium levels due to a deficit of free water
C. Low sodium levels due to excess water intake
D. Low sodium levels due to sodium loss
Answer: B. Elevated sodium levels due to a deficit of free water
Rationale: Hypernatremia is caused by a relative deficit of free water, not excess sodium.
9. What electrolytes are most affected in acute renal failure?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: The kidneys regulate potassium, and renal failure impairs potassium excretion, leading to
hyperkalaemia.
10. What is the primary cause of hyperkalaemia?
A. Excessive potassium intake
B. Impaired renal excretion of potassium
C. Increased urine output
D. Dehydration
Answer: B. Impaired renal excretion of potassium
Rationale: Hyperkalaemia is often caused by the kidneys' inability to excrete potassium.
11. What is oliguria?
A. Production of abnormally large amounts of urine
B. Production of abnormally small amounts of urine
C. Complete absence of urine production
D. Painful urination
Answer: B. Production of abnormally small amounts of urine
Rationale: Oliguria is defined as urine output of less than 400 mL/day.
