LECTURE NOTES
z
PROF. DR. TAHSİN YOMRALIOĞLU
z z z
V.2021-12
,İTÜ-zGEOMATICSz“GEO209-zREALzESTATE’SzLAW”zLecturezNotes
<Kapak arka sayfası>
z z
2
, Prof.zDr.zTahsinzYOMRALIOĞLUz©z2021-12
TABLE OF CONTENTS z z
ABOUT “GEO209- REAL ESTATE’S LAW” .......................................... 6
z z z z
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 9
1.1 Whatzif…? ...................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 WhatziszLaw?................................................................................................................ 10
1.3 OriginszofzLaw .............................................................................................................. 11
1.4 ThezPurposeszofzLaw.................................................................................................... 11
1.5 Legalzsystems................................................................................................................ 13
1.5.1 Civilzlaw ................................................................................. 14
1.5.2 ThezCommonzlaw ..................................................................... 14
1.5.3 Religiouszlaw ........................................................................... 15
1.5.4 Socialistzlaw............................................................................ 17
1.6 Sourceszofzlaw ............................................................................................................... 17
1.7 Hierarchyzofznorms ...................................................................................................... 18
1.7.1 Constitution ............................................................................ 20
1.7.2 Internationalz agreements ......................................................... 20
1.7.3 Laws...................................................................................... 20
1.7.4 PresidentialzDecrees................................................................. 21
1.7.5 Regulations ............................................................................ 21
1.7.6 UntitledzRegulatoryzActions ....................................................... 21
1.8 RuleszandzSanctions ..................................................................................................... 22
1.8.1 Rules ..................................................................................... 22
1.8.2 Sanctions ............................................................................... 23
1.9 DifferencezBetweenzPubliczandzPrivatezLaw .............................................................. 24
1.9.1 Publiczlawztypes ....................................................................... 25
1.9.2 Privatezlawztypes ..................................................................... 26
2 RIGHTS IN LAW ............................................................................... 30
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2.1 Rights ............................................................................................................................ 30
2.2 AbsolutezRightzandzRelativezRight.............................................................................. 31
2.2.1 Absolutezrightszonzassets .......................................................... 32
2.2.2 Realzpropertyzrights ................................................................. 32
2.2.3 Limitedzrightszinzrem ................................................................ 34
2.3 GainingzRights ............................................................................................................. 40
2.4 ProtectionzofzthezRight ................................................................................................. 40
2.5 UsezofzthezRight ............................................................................................................ 41
2.6 LosszofzRight................................................................................................................. 41
2.7 WhatziszthezRealzPersonzandzLegalzPerson? ............................................................... 42
3 OVERVIEW OF PROPERTY LAW ................................................ 44
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3.1 PropertyzConcept ......................................................................................................... 44
3.2 HistoricalzDevelopmentzofzPropertyzRight ................................................................. 45
3.3 PrivatezOwnershipzView .............................................................................................. 46
3.4 PubliczBenefitzandzPropertyzOwnership..................................................................... 48
3.5 “3R-Rule”zinzProperty ................................................................................................. 50
3.6 ContentzofzthezPropertyzRight ..................................................................................... 52
3.7 TypeszofzthezPropertyzRights ....................................................................................... 52
3.7.1 Individualzownership ................................................................ 53
3.7.2 Commonzownership ................................................................. 53
3
, İTÜ-zGEOMATICSz“GEO209-zREALzESTATE’SzLAW”zLecturezNotes
İTÜ-zGEOMATICSz“GEO209-zREALzESTATE’SzLAW”zLecturezNotes
3.8 SubjectzofzLandzPropertyzOwnership ......................................................................... 55
3.9 GainingzofzLandzPropertyzOwnership ........................................................................ 56
3.9.1 Gainingzlandzpropertyzownershipzbyzconveying ............................. 56
3.9.2 Gainingzlandzpropertyzownershipzbyzprimarily ............................... 59
3.9.3 Gainingzlandzpropertyzownershipzbyzotherzforms ........................... 60
3.9.4 Possession.............................................................................. 61
3.9.5 Specialzcircumstanceszinzthezownershipzofzimmovable .................... 64
3.10 LegislativezInfrastructurezforzProperty ................................................................. 65
4 LAND REGISTRATION SYSTEMS ............................................... 67
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4.1 LandzRegistrationzSystemszinzThezWorld .................................................................. 68
4.2 LandzRightszRecordingzSystemszinzthezWorld ........................................................... 69
4.3 Cadastre ....................................................................................................................... 70
4.4 PurposezandzScopezofzCadastre ................................................................................... 72
4.5 ComponentszofzCadastre ............................................................................................. 72
4.6 LandzRegistry............................................................................................................... 78
4.6.1 DutieszofzthezLandzRegistry ........................................................ 80
4.6.2 PrincipleszDominatingzthezLandzRegistry ...................................... 80
4.6.3 SectionszofzLandzRegistryzSystem ............................................... 81
4.6.4 TransactionszonzthezLandzRegistry .............................................. 83
5 CONDOMINIUM PROPERTY LAW.............................................. 85
z z
5.1 Introductionztozcondominiumzproperty ..................................................................... 85
5.2 ThezCondominiumzLaw ............................................................................................... 86
5.3 Condominiumzunitzdescriptions.................................................................................. 88
5.4 Conditionsztozthezsetupzofzazcondominiumzright ........................................................ 89
5.5 Documentszneededzforzthezcondominium ................................................................... 89
6 THE INHERITANCE LAW .............................................................. 94
z z
6.1 TurkishzInheritancezLaw............................................................................................. 94
6.2 BasiczTermszofzInheritancezLaw ................................................................................. 96
6.3 HeritagezSystems.......................................................................................................... 97
6.4 ParentalzSystemzinzInheritance ................................................................................... 97
6.5 LegalzHeirs ................................................................................................................. 101
6.5.1 Bloodzrelativesz(Parents)......................................................... 101
6.5.2 SurvivingzSpouse................................................................... 102
6.5.3 Adoption .............................................................................. 103
6.5.4 Statezinheritance ................................................................... 103
6.6 InheritancezBasedzonzthezWillzofzthezHeir................................................................. 104
6.6.1 Will ..................................................................................... 105
6.6.2 InheritancezContract .............................................................. 106
6.6.3 ComparisonzofzTestamentzandzInheritancezContract ..................... 106
6.6.4 Reasonszforzcancellationzofztestamentaryzdispositions .................. 107
6.6.5 Setzupzazfoundationzwithztestamentaryzdisposition....................... 107
6.7 Freedomzandzrestrictionszonzinheritance .................................................................. 107
6.7.1 Reservedzshare ..................................................................... 107
6.7.2 Savingszquorum .................................................................... 109
6.7.3 CasezofzReduction .................................................................. 109
6.8 AbsencezofzthezInheritor ............................................................................................ 109
6.9 OpeningzandzTransferringzofzInheritance ................................................................ 110
6.9.1 DivisionzandzDistributionzofzInheritance ..................................... 110
6.9.2 Transferringzofzimmovablezassets ............................................. 111
6.9.3 Disinheritance ....................................................................... 112
4
z
PROF. DR. TAHSİN YOMRALIOĞLU
z z z
V.2021-12
,İTÜ-zGEOMATICSz“GEO209-zREALzESTATE’SzLAW”zLecturezNotes
<Kapak arka sayfası>
z z
2
, Prof.zDr.zTahsinzYOMRALIOĞLUz©z2021-12
TABLE OF CONTENTS z z
ABOUT “GEO209- REAL ESTATE’S LAW” .......................................... 6
z z z z
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 9
1.1 Whatzif…? ...................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 WhatziszLaw?................................................................................................................ 10
1.3 OriginszofzLaw .............................................................................................................. 11
1.4 ThezPurposeszofzLaw.................................................................................................... 11
1.5 Legalzsystems................................................................................................................ 13
1.5.1 Civilzlaw ................................................................................. 14
1.5.2 ThezCommonzlaw ..................................................................... 14
1.5.3 Religiouszlaw ........................................................................... 15
1.5.4 Socialistzlaw............................................................................ 17
1.6 Sourceszofzlaw ............................................................................................................... 17
1.7 Hierarchyzofznorms ...................................................................................................... 18
1.7.1 Constitution ............................................................................ 20
1.7.2 Internationalz agreements ......................................................... 20
1.7.3 Laws...................................................................................... 20
1.7.4 PresidentialzDecrees................................................................. 21
1.7.5 Regulations ............................................................................ 21
1.7.6 UntitledzRegulatoryzActions ....................................................... 21
1.8 RuleszandzSanctions ..................................................................................................... 22
1.8.1 Rules ..................................................................................... 22
1.8.2 Sanctions ............................................................................... 23
1.9 DifferencezBetweenzPubliczandzPrivatezLaw .............................................................. 24
1.9.1 Publiczlawztypes ....................................................................... 25
1.9.2 Privatezlawztypes ..................................................................... 26
2 RIGHTS IN LAW ............................................................................... 30
z z
2.1 Rights ............................................................................................................................ 30
2.2 AbsolutezRightzandzRelativezRight.............................................................................. 31
2.2.1 Absolutezrightszonzassets .......................................................... 32
2.2.2 Realzpropertyzrights ................................................................. 32
2.2.3 Limitedzrightszinzrem ................................................................ 34
2.3 GainingzRights ............................................................................................................. 40
2.4 ProtectionzofzthezRight ................................................................................................. 40
2.5 UsezofzthezRight ............................................................................................................ 41
2.6 LosszofzRight................................................................................................................. 41
2.7 WhatziszthezRealzPersonzandzLegalzPerson? ............................................................... 42
3 OVERVIEW OF PROPERTY LAW ................................................ 44
z z z
3.1 PropertyzConcept ......................................................................................................... 44
3.2 HistoricalzDevelopmentzofzPropertyzRight ................................................................. 45
3.3 PrivatezOwnershipzView .............................................................................................. 46
3.4 PubliczBenefitzandzPropertyzOwnership..................................................................... 48
3.5 “3R-Rule”zinzProperty ................................................................................................. 50
3.6 ContentzofzthezPropertyzRight ..................................................................................... 52
3.7 TypeszofzthezPropertyzRights ....................................................................................... 52
3.7.1 Individualzownership ................................................................ 53
3.7.2 Commonzownership ................................................................. 53
3
, İTÜ-zGEOMATICSz“GEO209-zREALzESTATE’SzLAW”zLecturezNotes
İTÜ-zGEOMATICSz“GEO209-zREALzESTATE’SzLAW”zLecturezNotes
3.8 SubjectzofzLandzPropertyzOwnership ......................................................................... 55
3.9 GainingzofzLandzPropertyzOwnership ........................................................................ 56
3.9.1 Gainingzlandzpropertyzownershipzbyzconveying ............................. 56
3.9.2 Gainingzlandzpropertyzownershipzbyzprimarily ............................... 59
3.9.3 Gainingzlandzpropertyzownershipzbyzotherzforms ........................... 60
3.9.4 Possession.............................................................................. 61
3.9.5 Specialzcircumstanceszinzthezownershipzofzimmovable .................... 64
3.10 LegislativezInfrastructurezforzProperty ................................................................. 65
4 LAND REGISTRATION SYSTEMS ............................................... 67
z z
4.1 LandzRegistrationzSystemszinzThezWorld .................................................................. 68
4.2 LandzRightszRecordingzSystemszinzthezWorld ........................................................... 69
4.3 Cadastre ....................................................................................................................... 70
4.4 PurposezandzScopezofzCadastre ................................................................................... 72
4.5 ComponentszofzCadastre ............................................................................................. 72
4.6 LandzRegistry............................................................................................................... 78
4.6.1 DutieszofzthezLandzRegistry ........................................................ 80
4.6.2 PrincipleszDominatingzthezLandzRegistry ...................................... 80
4.6.3 SectionszofzLandzRegistryzSystem ............................................... 81
4.6.4 TransactionszonzthezLandzRegistry .............................................. 83
5 CONDOMINIUM PROPERTY LAW.............................................. 85
z z
5.1 Introductionztozcondominiumzproperty ..................................................................... 85
5.2 ThezCondominiumzLaw ............................................................................................... 86
5.3 Condominiumzunitzdescriptions.................................................................................. 88
5.4 Conditionsztozthezsetupzofzazcondominiumzright ........................................................ 89
5.5 Documentszneededzforzthezcondominium ................................................................... 89
6 THE INHERITANCE LAW .............................................................. 94
z z
6.1 TurkishzInheritancezLaw............................................................................................. 94
6.2 BasiczTermszofzInheritancezLaw ................................................................................. 96
6.3 HeritagezSystems.......................................................................................................... 97
6.4 ParentalzSystemzinzInheritance ................................................................................... 97
6.5 LegalzHeirs ................................................................................................................. 101
6.5.1 Bloodzrelativesz(Parents)......................................................... 101
6.5.2 SurvivingzSpouse................................................................... 102
6.5.3 Adoption .............................................................................. 103
6.5.4 Statezinheritance ................................................................... 103
6.6 InheritancezBasedzonzthezWillzofzthezHeir................................................................. 104
6.6.1 Will ..................................................................................... 105
6.6.2 InheritancezContract .............................................................. 106
6.6.3 ComparisonzofzTestamentzandzInheritancezContract ..................... 106
6.6.4 Reasonszforzcancellationzofztestamentaryzdispositions .................. 107
6.6.5 Setzupzazfoundationzwithztestamentaryzdisposition....................... 107
6.7 Freedomzandzrestrictionszonzinheritance .................................................................. 107
6.7.1 Reservedzshare ..................................................................... 107
6.7.2 Savingszquorum .................................................................... 109
6.7.3 CasezofzReduction .................................................................. 109
6.8 AbsencezofzthezInheritor ............................................................................................ 109
6.9 OpeningzandzTransferringzofzInheritance ................................................................ 110
6.9.1 DivisionzandzDistributionzofzInheritance ..................................... 110
6.9.2 Transferringzofzimmovablezassets ............................................. 111
6.9.3 Disinheritance ....................................................................... 112
4
