Exploring
Anatomy Physiology& in the Laboratory
p p
Core Concepts
p
Sp Ep Cp Op Np D Ep Dp Ip Tp Ip Op N
Erin C. Amerman
p p
, Exploring
&
Anatomy Physiology
in the Laboratory
p p
Core Conceptsp
SECONDp EDITION
Erin C. Amerman
p p
925p W.p Kenyonp Avenue,p Unitp 12
Englewood,p COp 80110
www.morton-pub.com
,Book Team p
PresidentpandpCEO Davidp M.p Ferguson
Seniorp Acquisitionsp Editor Martap R.p Pentecost
DevelopmentalpEditor Sarahp D.pThomas
EditorialpProjectpManagers TrinapLambert,pRaynapS.pBailey
ProductionpManager WillpKelley
ProductionpAssistants JoannepSaliger,pAmypHeeter
CoverpandpIllustrations ImagineeringpMediapServices,pInc.
Dedication
ForpDougpMorton,pwhosepsupportpofpmy
pvision,pcommitmentptopthispbook,pandpb
eliefpinpthepvaluepofphigherpeducationptop
transformplivespwillpnotpbepforgotten.
ForpElise,pwhopperformspamazingpfeatspwi
thpthephumanpbody.
Copyrightp ©p 2018,p2014p byp Mortonp Publishingp Company
Allprightspreserved.pNoppartpofpthisppublicationpmaypbepreproduced,pstoredpinpapretrievalpsyste
m,porptransmitted,pinpanypformporpbypanypmeans,pelectronic,pmechanical,pphotocopying,precord
ingporpotherwise,pwithoutptheppriorpwrittenppermissionpofptheppublisher.
PrintedpinpthepUnitedpStatespofpAmerica
10p p 9p p 8 7p p 6p p 5p p 4p p 3p p 2p p
1
ISBN-10: 1-61731-780-2
ISBN-13: 978-1-61731-780-4
Libraryp ofp Congressp Controlp Number:p 2017962086
, Preface
I firstpstartedpwritingplabpprocedurespforpmypstudentsp15pyearspagopinpresponseptopfrustration
pmypstudentspandpIpwerepfeelingpwithpthepanatomypandpphysiologyplabpandpthepaccompanyin
g
labpmanual.pMypstudentspwanted—andpneeded—
focusedpactivities,pclearpobjectivespandpexplanations,pandpexercisespthatpenabledpthemptopa
ppreciatepthepoften-
missedp“bigppicture”pofpA&P.pNonepofpthepavailableplabpmanualspprovidedpthis,psopIpwaspleft
pwithpnopchoicepbutptopwritepmypownplabpprocedures.pThepresultspofpmypeffortspwerepwellp
worthpit,paspmypstudentspwerepengagedpandpactivepthepentireplabpperiod.pTheirplabpandpclas
spgradespimproved.
Inp2003,pIpmetpwithpDavidpFerguson,pnowptheppresidentpofpMortonpPublishingpCompany,p
andphepofferedpmepapdreampopportunity:ptopsharepmypexercisespwithpstudentspandpinstructors
pthroughoutpthepcountry.pThepresultpofpthatpmeetingpwasptheptextpExercisespforpthepAnatomypa
ndpPhysiologypLaboratory,papsimplepblack-and-
whitepmanualpwithpfocusedpactivities.pMypgoalpwithpthispbookpwasptopsolvepthepteachingpprobl
emspinpthepA&Pplabpandptopenhancepthepexperiencep forpmypcolleaguespandpourpstudents.
Exercisespwaspenthusiasticallypreceived,psuggestingpthatpwephadpindeedpprovidedpinstructorsp
andpstudentspsomethingpthatptheyphadpbeenpneeding.pWepwerepsopencouragedpthatpwepsetpoutpto
pproducepanpexpanded,pfull-
colorpversionpofpthepexercisespthatpincludedpmorepexplanations,pnewpactivities,papcompletepartpp
rogram,pandpnewppedagogy.pThispbookpbecamepExploringpAnatomypandpPhysiologypinpthepLabor
atory,porpEAPL.pLikepitsppredecessor,pitpwaspwarmlypreceived.
EAPLpwasporiginallypintendedpforpbothpone-pandptwo-
semesterpanatomypandpphysiologypcourses.pHowever,pwepreceivedpfeedbackpthatptherepwasp
simplyptoopmuchpcontentpinpEAPLpforpthepone-semesterpcourse.pIphaveptaughtpone-
semesterpanatomypandpphysiology,pandpIpagreed—
pthepbookpwasptoopbig. pSo, pwepputptogetherpEAPL:pCorepConceptsp(EAPLpCC),pwhichpretain
edpallpthepenhancedpfeaturespofpEAPL,pbutpwaspstreamlinedpforpusepinpone-semesterpcourses.
WithpthepfirstpeditionpofpEAPLpCC,pwepconsolidatedpthepanatomypandpphysiologypchapters
pintoponepchapterponpeachporganpsystem.pInpaddition,pthepnumberpofpkeyptermspforpstudentsptopl
earnpwaspreducedpsignificantly,pandpwepfocusedpmoreponpthepfoundationalpprinciplespofpanatomyp
andpphysiologypinsteadpofpdetails.pThispprovedptopbepapgoodprecipepforpapone-
semesterpA&Pplabpmanual.
However,plikepallpfirstpeditions,ptherepwasproompforpimprovement.pWithpyourpfeedback,pw
epaimedptopmakepthosepimprovementspwithpthispsecondpedition,pwhichpweppresentptopyoupnow.
pAspyoupperusepthispbook,ppleasepnoticepthepfollowingpchanges,pwhichpwerepapdirectpresultpofp
yourphelpfulpsuggestions:
■ AddedptextpnarrativeptopmakepEAPLpCCp2epapself-
containedplabpmanual.pOnepofpthepmostpfrequentprequestspwepreceivedpwasptopmakep
EAPLpCCpmorepself-
containedpsopthatpstudentspdidn’tpneedpanpadditionalptextbookptopcompletepthepactivit
ies.pWepheardpyourprequests,pandpresponded.pEverypeffortpwaspmadepinptheprevisionspf
orpthispeditionptopensurepthatptheptextpnarrativepdefinespandpexplainspallpkeypterms.
■ Expandedpandpimprovedpartpprogram.pInplinepwithpourpgoalpofpmakingpEAPLpCCpap
i
Anatomy Physiology& in the Laboratory
p p
Core Concepts
p
Sp Ep Cp Op Np D Ep Dp Ip Tp Ip Op N
Erin C. Amerman
p p
, Exploring
&
Anatomy Physiology
in the Laboratory
p p
Core Conceptsp
SECONDp EDITION
Erin C. Amerman
p p
925p W.p Kenyonp Avenue,p Unitp 12
Englewood,p COp 80110
www.morton-pub.com
,Book Team p
PresidentpandpCEO Davidp M.p Ferguson
Seniorp Acquisitionsp Editor Martap R.p Pentecost
DevelopmentalpEditor Sarahp D.pThomas
EditorialpProjectpManagers TrinapLambert,pRaynapS.pBailey
ProductionpManager WillpKelley
ProductionpAssistants JoannepSaliger,pAmypHeeter
CoverpandpIllustrations ImagineeringpMediapServices,pInc.
Dedication
ForpDougpMorton,pwhosepsupportpofpmy
pvision,pcommitmentptopthispbook,pandpb
eliefpinpthepvaluepofphigherpeducationptop
transformplivespwillpnotpbepforgotten.
ForpElise,pwhopperformspamazingpfeatspwi
thpthephumanpbody.
Copyrightp ©p 2018,p2014p byp Mortonp Publishingp Company
Allprightspreserved.pNoppartpofpthisppublicationpmaypbepreproduced,pstoredpinpapretrievalpsyste
m,porptransmitted,pinpanypformporpbypanypmeans,pelectronic,pmechanical,pphotocopying,precord
ingporpotherwise,pwithoutptheppriorpwrittenppermissionpofptheppublisher.
PrintedpinpthepUnitedpStatespofpAmerica
10p p 9p p 8 7p p 6p p 5p p 4p p 3p p 2p p
1
ISBN-10: 1-61731-780-2
ISBN-13: 978-1-61731-780-4
Libraryp ofp Congressp Controlp Number:p 2017962086
, Preface
I firstpstartedpwritingplabpprocedurespforpmypstudentsp15pyearspagopinpresponseptopfrustration
pmypstudentspandpIpwerepfeelingpwithpthepanatomypandpphysiologyplabpandpthepaccompanyin
g
labpmanual.pMypstudentspwanted—andpneeded—
focusedpactivities,pclearpobjectivespandpexplanations,pandpexercisespthatpenabledpthemptopa
ppreciatepthepoften-
missedp“bigppicture”pofpA&P.pNonepofpthepavailableplabpmanualspprovidedpthis,psopIpwaspleft
pwithpnopchoicepbutptopwritepmypownplabpprocedures.pThepresultspofpmypeffortspwerepwellp
worthpit,paspmypstudentspwerepengagedpandpactivepthepentireplabpperiod.pTheirplabpandpclas
spgradespimproved.
Inp2003,pIpmetpwithpDavidpFerguson,pnowptheppresidentpofpMortonpPublishingpCompany,p
andphepofferedpmepapdreampopportunity:ptopsharepmypexercisespwithpstudentspandpinstructors
pthroughoutpthepcountry.pThepresultpofpthatpmeetingpwasptheptextpExercisespforpthepAnatomypa
ndpPhysiologypLaboratory,papsimplepblack-and-
whitepmanualpwithpfocusedpactivities.pMypgoalpwithpthispbookpwasptopsolvepthepteachingpprobl
emspinpthepA&Pplabpandptopenhancepthepexperiencep forpmypcolleaguespandpourpstudents.
Exercisespwaspenthusiasticallypreceived,psuggestingpthatpwephadpindeedpprovidedpinstructorsp
andpstudentspsomethingpthatptheyphadpbeenpneeding.pWepwerepsopencouragedpthatpwepsetpoutpto
pproducepanpexpanded,pfull-
colorpversionpofpthepexercisespthatpincludedpmorepexplanations,pnewpactivities,papcompletepartpp
rogram,pandpnewppedagogy.pThispbookpbecamepExploringpAnatomypandpPhysiologypinpthepLabor
atory,porpEAPL.pLikepitsppredecessor,pitpwaspwarmlypreceived.
EAPLpwasporiginallypintendedpforpbothpone-pandptwo-
semesterpanatomypandpphysiologypcourses.pHowever,pwepreceivedpfeedbackpthatptherepwasp
simplyptoopmuchpcontentpinpEAPLpforpthepone-semesterpcourse.pIphaveptaughtpone-
semesterpanatomypandpphysiology,pandpIpagreed—
pthepbookpwasptoopbig. pSo, pwepputptogetherpEAPL:pCorepConceptsp(EAPLpCC),pwhichpretain
edpallpthepenhancedpfeaturespofpEAPL,pbutpwaspstreamlinedpforpusepinpone-semesterpcourses.
WithpthepfirstpeditionpofpEAPLpCC,pwepconsolidatedpthepanatomypandpphysiologypchapters
pintoponepchapterponpeachporganpsystem.pInpaddition,pthepnumberpofpkeyptermspforpstudentsptopl
earnpwaspreducedpsignificantly,pandpwepfocusedpmoreponpthepfoundationalpprinciplespofpanatomyp
andpphysiologypinsteadpofpdetails.pThispprovedptopbepapgoodprecipepforpapone-
semesterpA&Pplabpmanual.
However,plikepallpfirstpeditions,ptherepwasproompforpimprovement.pWithpyourpfeedback,pw
epaimedptopmakepthosepimprovementspwithpthispsecondpedition,pwhichpweppresentptopyoupnow.
pAspyoupperusepthispbook,ppleasepnoticepthepfollowingpchanges,pwhichpwerepapdirectpresultpofp
yourphelpfulpsuggestions:
■ AddedptextpnarrativeptopmakepEAPLpCCp2epapself-
containedplabpmanual.pOnepofpthepmostpfrequentprequestspwepreceivedpwasptopmakep
EAPLpCCpmorepself-
containedpsopthatpstudentspdidn’tpneedpanpadditionalptextbookptopcompletepthepactivit
ies.pWepheardpyourprequests,pandpresponded.pEverypeffortpwaspmadepinptheprevisionspf
orpthispeditionptopensurepthatptheptextpnarrativepdefinespandpexplainspallpkeypterms.
■ Expandedpandpimprovedpartpprogram.pInplinepwithpourpgoalpofpmakingpEAPLpCCpap
i
