Contents
b
Chapterb1 IntroductionbtobBiochemistry 1
Chapterb2 Water 10
Chapterb3 AminobAcidsbandbthebPrimarybStructuresbofbProteins 27
Chapterb4 Proteins:bThree-DimensionalbStructurebandbFunction 46
Chapterb5 PropertiesbofbEnzymes 65
Chapterb6 MechanismsbofbEnzymes 85
Chapterb7 CoenzymesbandbVitamins 104
Chapterb8 Carbohydrates 119
Chapterb9 LipidsbandbMembranes 137
Chapterb10 IntroductionbtobMetabolism 153
Chapterb11 Glycolysis 169
Chapterb12 Gluconeogenesis,bThebPentosebPhosphatebPathway,
andbGlycogenbMetabolism 185
Chapterb13 ThebCitricbAcidbCycle 199
Chapterb14 ElectronbTransportbandbOxidativebPhosphorylation 213
Chapterb15 Photosynthesis 227
Chapterb16 LipidbMetabolism 241
Chapterb17 AminobAcidbMetabolism 256
Chapterb18 NucleotidebMetabolism 269
Chapterb19 NucleicbAcids 284
Chapterb20 DNAbReplication,bRepair,bandbRecombination 300
Chapterb21 TranscriptionbandbRNAbProcessing 315
Chapterb22 ProteinbSynthesis 330
Chapterb23 RecombinantbDNAbTechnology 348
,Chapter 1 Introduction to Biochemistry
b b b
1) Whichb elementsbaccountb forb moreb thanb97%b ofbthebweightb ofbmostborganisms?
A) C,b H,bN,bMg,b O,b S
B) C,b H,bN,bO,b P,bS
C) C,b H,bN
D) Fe,b C,b H,bO,b P
E) Ca2+,bK+,bNa+,bMg2+,b Cl-
Answer:b B
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 2
2) Proteinsbinbbiologicalb membranesb maybbe
A) porous.
B) attachedb tobtheb membraneb surface.
C) spanb thebmembrane.
D) Allb ofbthebabove
E) BbandbCbonly
Answer:b D
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 3
3) Whichb statementbaboutb celluloseb isbfalse?
A) Itb isbthebmostbabundantb polysaccharideb inbnature.
B) Itsbmonomersb areb joinedb bybglycosidicb bonds.
C) Itb isbpresentb inbthebstemsbofbfloweringbplants.
D) Thebhydroxylbgroupsbofbneighboringbcellulosebmoleculesbinteractbtobformbstrong,binsolubleb
fibers.
E) Itb isbab branchedb polymerb ofbglucose.
Answer:b E
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 3
1
,4) WhenbKeqbofbab reactionb=b1,bthen
A) theb forwardb reactionbisbfasterb thanb theb reverseb reaction.
B) theb reverseb reactionbisbfasterb thanb theb forwardb reaction.
C) theb forwardb andb reverseb reactionbrateb constantsb areb equal.
D) moreb productsbareb formedbthanb reactants.
E) fewerb productsbareb formedbthanb reactants.
Answer:b C
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 4
5) Whichb statementbisbtruebaboutb ab reactionbwithbanbequilibriumb constant,b Keq,bequalb tob1000?
A) Theb forwardb rateb constantb isb1000b timesbgreaterb thanb thebreverseb ratebconstant.
B) Theb forwardb ratebconstantb isb3b timesbgreaterb thanb reverseb ratebconstant.
C) Theb forwardb rateb constantb isb1000b timesbsmallerbthanb thebreverseb rateb constant.
D) Theb forwardb ratebconstantb isb3b timesbsmallerbthanb theb reverseb ratebconstant.
E) Therebisbnotb enoughb informationb givenb tobcompareb theb forwardb andb reverseb rateb constants.
Answer:b A
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 4
6) Theb studyb ofbtheb energyb changesb duringb metabolicbreactionsb isbcalledb .
A) bioinformatics
B) metabodynamics
C) thermometrics
D) bioenergetics
E) biologicalb heatb dynamics
Answer:b D
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 4
7) Ab spontaneousb chemicalb reactionbalwaysb hasb ab bchange.
A) positiveb Gibbʹsbfreeb energy
B) negativeb Gibbʹsbfreeb energy
C) positiveb enthalpy
D) negativeb enthalpy
E) positiveb entropy
Answer:b B
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 4
2
, 8) Prokaryotesbareb valuableb toolsb forb biochemistsb because
A) E.bcolibisbwell-studiedb andb typicalbofbprokaryotes.
B) theybcontainb asb manyb genesb asb eukaryoticb cells.
C) manyb ofbtheirb chromosomesb areb sequenced.
D) theybareb notb veryb diverseborganisms.
E) Allb ofbthebabove
Answer:b C
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 6
9) Whichbcellularbcomponentbcarriesboutboxidationbreactions,bsomebofbwhichbproducebhydrogenb
peroxide?
A) peroxisomes
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) lysosomes
E) vacuoles
Answer:b A
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 8
10) WhybisbitbimportantbthatbthebenzymesbinblysosomesbarebmorebactivebatbacidicbpHbthanbatbneutralb
pH?
A) Sinceblysosomesbarebprimarilybfoundbinbthebstomachbacidbofbmammals,btheirbpH
bdependenceballowsbforbmaximumbefficiencybforbthebdigestionbofbfoodstuffs.
B) Itb preventsbtheirb diffusionboutbofbtheblysosomes.
C) Itb maximizesb theb interactionb withbtheirb substratesb whichb areb alwaysb bases.
D) Itb preventsbthemb frombaccidentallyb degradingb theb macromoleculesb inbtheb cytosol.
E) Itb allowsb forb regulationb ofbtheirb uptakeb bybthebmitochondria.
Answer:b D
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 8
11) Moleculesbfromblivingbcellsbcannotbbebsynthesizedboutsidebofblivingbcells.b
Answer:b FALSE
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 1
12) Fermentationbinbthebabsencebofbcellsbdemonstratedbthatbmetabolicbprocessesbwerebchemicalbinb
nature.
Answer:b TRUE
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 1
3
b
Chapterb1 IntroductionbtobBiochemistry 1
Chapterb2 Water 10
Chapterb3 AminobAcidsbandbthebPrimarybStructuresbofbProteins 27
Chapterb4 Proteins:bThree-DimensionalbStructurebandbFunction 46
Chapterb5 PropertiesbofbEnzymes 65
Chapterb6 MechanismsbofbEnzymes 85
Chapterb7 CoenzymesbandbVitamins 104
Chapterb8 Carbohydrates 119
Chapterb9 LipidsbandbMembranes 137
Chapterb10 IntroductionbtobMetabolism 153
Chapterb11 Glycolysis 169
Chapterb12 Gluconeogenesis,bThebPentosebPhosphatebPathway,
andbGlycogenbMetabolism 185
Chapterb13 ThebCitricbAcidbCycle 199
Chapterb14 ElectronbTransportbandbOxidativebPhosphorylation 213
Chapterb15 Photosynthesis 227
Chapterb16 LipidbMetabolism 241
Chapterb17 AminobAcidbMetabolism 256
Chapterb18 NucleotidebMetabolism 269
Chapterb19 NucleicbAcids 284
Chapterb20 DNAbReplication,bRepair,bandbRecombination 300
Chapterb21 TranscriptionbandbRNAbProcessing 315
Chapterb22 ProteinbSynthesis 330
Chapterb23 RecombinantbDNAbTechnology 348
,Chapter 1 Introduction to Biochemistry
b b b
1) Whichb elementsbaccountb forb moreb thanb97%b ofbthebweightb ofbmostborganisms?
A) C,b H,bN,bMg,b O,b S
B) C,b H,bN,bO,b P,bS
C) C,b H,bN
D) Fe,b C,b H,bO,b P
E) Ca2+,bK+,bNa+,bMg2+,b Cl-
Answer:b B
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 2
2) Proteinsbinbbiologicalb membranesb maybbe
A) porous.
B) attachedb tobtheb membraneb surface.
C) spanb thebmembrane.
D) Allb ofbthebabove
E) BbandbCbonly
Answer:b D
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 3
3) Whichb statementbaboutb celluloseb isbfalse?
A) Itb isbthebmostbabundantb polysaccharideb inbnature.
B) Itsbmonomersb areb joinedb bybglycosidicb bonds.
C) Itb isbpresentb inbthebstemsbofbfloweringbplants.
D) Thebhydroxylbgroupsbofbneighboringbcellulosebmoleculesbinteractbtobformbstrong,binsolubleb
fibers.
E) Itb isbab branchedb polymerb ofbglucose.
Answer:b E
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 3
1
,4) WhenbKeqbofbab reactionb=b1,bthen
A) theb forwardb reactionbisbfasterb thanb theb reverseb reaction.
B) theb reverseb reactionbisbfasterb thanb theb forwardb reaction.
C) theb forwardb andb reverseb reactionbrateb constantsb areb equal.
D) moreb productsbareb formedbthanb reactants.
E) fewerb productsbareb formedbthanb reactants.
Answer:b C
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 4
5) Whichb statementbisbtruebaboutb ab reactionbwithbanbequilibriumb constant,b Keq,bequalb tob1000?
A) Theb forwardb rateb constantb isb1000b timesbgreaterb thanb thebreverseb ratebconstant.
B) Theb forwardb ratebconstantb isb3b timesbgreaterb thanb reverseb ratebconstant.
C) Theb forwardb rateb constantb isb1000b timesbsmallerbthanb thebreverseb rateb constant.
D) Theb forwardb ratebconstantb isb3b timesbsmallerbthanb theb reverseb ratebconstant.
E) Therebisbnotb enoughb informationb givenb tobcompareb theb forwardb andb reverseb rateb constants.
Answer:b A
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 4
6) Theb studyb ofbtheb energyb changesb duringb metabolicbreactionsb isbcalledb .
A) bioinformatics
B) metabodynamics
C) thermometrics
D) bioenergetics
E) biologicalb heatb dynamics
Answer:b D
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 4
7) Ab spontaneousb chemicalb reactionbalwaysb hasb ab bchange.
A) positiveb Gibbʹsbfreeb energy
B) negativeb Gibbʹsbfreeb energy
C) positiveb enthalpy
D) negativeb enthalpy
E) positiveb entropy
Answer:b B
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 4
2
, 8) Prokaryotesbareb valuableb toolsb forb biochemistsb because
A) E.bcolibisbwell-studiedb andb typicalbofbprokaryotes.
B) theybcontainb asb manyb genesb asb eukaryoticb cells.
C) manyb ofbtheirb chromosomesb areb sequenced.
D) theybareb notb veryb diverseborganisms.
E) Allb ofbthebabove
Answer:b C
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 6
9) Whichbcellularbcomponentbcarriesboutboxidationbreactions,bsomebofbwhichbproducebhydrogenb
peroxide?
A) peroxisomes
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) lysosomes
E) vacuoles
Answer:b A
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 8
10) WhybisbitbimportantbthatbthebenzymesbinblysosomesbarebmorebactivebatbacidicbpHbthanbatbneutralb
pH?
A) Sinceblysosomesbarebprimarilybfoundbinbthebstomachbacidbofbmammals,btheirbpH
bdependenceballowsbforbmaximumbefficiencybforbthebdigestionbofbfoodstuffs.
B) Itb preventsbtheirb diffusionboutbofbtheblysosomes.
C) Itb maximizesb theb interactionb withbtheirb substratesb whichb areb alwaysb bases.
D) Itb preventsbthemb frombaccidentallyb degradingb theb macromoleculesb inbtheb cytosol.
E) Itb allowsb forb regulationb ofbtheirb uptakeb bybthebmitochondria.
Answer:b D
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 8
11) Moleculesbfromblivingbcellsbcannotbbebsynthesizedboutsidebofblivingbcells.b
Answer:b FALSE
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 1
12) Fermentationbinbthebabsencebofbcellsbdemonstratedbthatbmetabolicbprocessesbwerebchemicalbinb
nature.
Answer:b TRUE
Pageb Ref:b Sectionb 1
3
