PYC3701 - CHAPTER 2 AND 3
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Information overload
Instances in which our ability to process information is
exceeded
Conditions of uncertainty
Where the "correct" answer is difficult to know or would
take a great deal of effort to determine
Heuristics
simple rules fr making complex decisions or drawing
inferences in a rapid nd seemingly effortless manner
Prototype
A list of attributes possessed by members of category
Representative heuristics
A strategy for making judgements based on the extent to
which current stimuli or events resemble other stimuli or
categories
Availability heuristic
A strategy for making judgements on the basis of how
easily specific kinds of information can be brought to mind
Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic
A heuristic that involves the tendency to use a number of
values as a starting point to which we then make
adjustments
Portion size effect
the tendency to eat more when a larger portion of food is
received than a smaller portion
, Schemas
Mental framework centering on a specific theme that help
us to organize social information
Priming
A situation that occurs when stimuli or events increase the
availability in memory or consciousness of specific types
of information held in memory
Unpriming
a process by which thoughts or actions primed by a recent
experience dissipate once they find expression
perserverance effect
The tendency for beliefs and schemas to remain
unchanged even in the face of contradictory information
Controlled processing
A mode of social thought that is logical, systematic and
effortful
Automatic Processing
This occurs when, after extensive experience with a task
or type of information we reach the stage where we can
perform the task or process the information in a seemingly
effortless, automatic, and nonconscious manner
Optimistic Bias
our predisposition to expect things to turn out well overall
Overconfidence bias
The tendency to have more confidence in the accuracy of
our own judgments than is reasonable
Planning fallacy
The tendency to make optimistic predictions concerning
how long a given task will take for completion
Counterfactual thinking
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Information overload
Instances in which our ability to process information is
exceeded
Conditions of uncertainty
Where the "correct" answer is difficult to know or would
take a great deal of effort to determine
Heuristics
simple rules fr making complex decisions or drawing
inferences in a rapid nd seemingly effortless manner
Prototype
A list of attributes possessed by members of category
Representative heuristics
A strategy for making judgements based on the extent to
which current stimuli or events resemble other stimuli or
categories
Availability heuristic
A strategy for making judgements on the basis of how
easily specific kinds of information can be brought to mind
Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic
A heuristic that involves the tendency to use a number of
values as a starting point to which we then make
adjustments
Portion size effect
the tendency to eat more when a larger portion of food is
received than a smaller portion
, Schemas
Mental framework centering on a specific theme that help
us to organize social information
Priming
A situation that occurs when stimuli or events increase the
availability in memory or consciousness of specific types
of information held in memory
Unpriming
a process by which thoughts or actions primed by a recent
experience dissipate once they find expression
perserverance effect
The tendency for beliefs and schemas to remain
unchanged even in the face of contradictory information
Controlled processing
A mode of social thought that is logical, systematic and
effortful
Automatic Processing
This occurs when, after extensive experience with a task
or type of information we reach the stage where we can
perform the task or process the information in a seemingly
effortless, automatic, and nonconscious manner
Optimistic Bias
our predisposition to expect things to turn out well overall
Overconfidence bias
The tendency to have more confidence in the accuracy of
our own judgments than is reasonable
Planning fallacy
The tendency to make optimistic predictions concerning
how long a given task will take for completion
Counterfactual thinking
