-
51 RUC f- URE
m2
1cg/m3 kg
m
W =
density × EA ×
thickness ✗ 10
1000 m3
⇔
Dead load : content load in structure due to weight of supported structure
let
Factors designing beam
walls floor,
by attachment
to do
permanyent
' •
beam)
→ Grid / space
↑ Centre of
gravity
load par t of total load sustained by structure / member applied to it after erection
Live / imposed
:
→ Orientation of beam
,
Cfurnitnteo people ) " " ↳3 n=2b↳
To → Loading
C) y = h ,, y =
his
Dynamic load : load that changes over time ( size / position / direction ) material Cf )
→ strength of
: emer t force onto structure
→→→
-
!- %÷
|_n=
N =
Static load : Ñnt→e ( size , position , direction) .
b=r
r
→ ☐ y =
wind load : load placed on exterior of structure by wind
%
'
depends angle wind strike
fn=i4¥ Ea
shape of structure t of
-
! on
⇒ -
to
Design load :
man amount of something system is designed handle D=
Yo
↓_↓↓
'" %
¥q ,
¥0
Uniformly distributed load
:ÉÉÉd evenly over distance of support
.
=
.⇒ .
"
¥
a- n
¥ yah
¥e
-
-
,
↳9
÷
Moment :
turning effect of force 2nd moment of area /
" = "
moment iner tia
.
:
ability to go against n=r
③ ↳§ D=
4¥
bending is h
¥*
-
- -
Resultant moment ,
body
:
acting on about point of rotation =D
: anticlockwise =
clockwise
Moment of couples :
:
part
line of
of forces ,
force
equal
is not
in
the
magnitude ⇐ )
same
g n
5-
-
_
1¥
÷
--n= 4¥
↑Y
D= r
:
product = forces p
,
Fa
=
perpendicular distance between forces .
÷
" "
.
D= r
Shear force : force acting in a direction parallel to a sur face of cross section of body .
↓↑ ①
t t.EE formuia-cwithan.to)
(t) s f -
-
c y - s f
-
-
structural element external force of moment is applied '
Bending moment
: reaction in a when
chap 1 : "
20kW ,
b- m =
beam shear force
man point on where
changes its sign .
( + → -3
↑
10km1 10km
↑
IT =
3Éˢ
- Shear
2- =
¥
Ckg / m3 ) ( mi ) ( m)
* b. m .
Chap 2 :
W =
density ✗ EA × thickness ✗ to
CKN) 1000
liquid
E→+ ☒ i ñ
=
{A÷ ✗ 5
=
%¥-
Liquid load :
going in / out of distillation stage
: water /
gas load changed to structure -
-
◦ °o° → ☐ ?
ⁿʰ
instead of
n-I.t+I://s-E.FI?2#*g-E-ia1bar
force sudden load structural par t
provided by on
maps a
-
Impact load
: : _
force long period
-
constant applied over a
-
-
Is
b,d÷ ✗ Iyy=,db÷
⊖ "
too .
tt =
:
Inn =
Buckling load : Man
limiting load where column tends to have lateral displacement
☐ 8 load ( KNM) F 6- 12 Ctimber)
shape C deformation] Of structural component under rpm
'
=
mm
Budding sudden change in _
ᵗ¥=ᵗ÷
:
"
= 120 - 150 ( Steel )
when slender elements Under high compression suddenly collapse .
Buckling of column :
phenomenon
W/ mm 2) → ⇐ 106]
☐ →
☐ ② buckling 6 branding
:
¥)✗÷+w÷
Point load UDL Both
=mrc*wm>
Centroid :
centre point of object
(7¥ )
ggg ,,¥
, a n a n a, , µ, , .am. .ua, , www.max.a.am
Centre of
gravity object weight will
'
of inside where be
object point
-
,
acting from .
Simply supported beam : rests on 2 Supports , free to move
horizontally .
Measurement Assumptions
o o
50 750
pinned roller
Joist → , 100
support support 225s 300 325 350
125 150 175 200 J 250 , o ◦
Beam → , ,
1
,
AT Unum
pointed frame with su fficient number of members
trusses pin I :3)
:
per fect frame in roof
[ ☐ > B because pg :-D =
to resist loads without appreciable deformation -
☒
Et Ha ¥↑
rm
'
Imperfect frame " :
frames cannot be analyzed to get internal member forces by external
support reaction using 3 equilibrium
by conditions of static .
¥↑ ¥7
Tips Prof for Arminent !
Question (a) [ DEFINITION] Question Cb) [ CALCULATION]
→ centroid one of questions 20
→
Moment / Moment of Inertia / Ina , Iyy → ca i> Kent
2nd
-
→
•
→ a
Write And Sketch → ,
what is BM for ?
(
= g load +
^
→ Design load ( working
•
factor )
Eg :
→ → Inn /Iyy Safety
•
↑ A → Design Csize , weight ) Mr always 10°
↓ beam •
W
51 RUC f- URE
m2
1cg/m3 kg
m
W =
density × EA ×
thickness ✗ 10
1000 m3
⇔
Dead load : content load in structure due to weight of supported structure
let
Factors designing beam
walls floor,
by attachment
to do
permanyent
' •
beam)
→ Grid / space
↑ Centre of
gravity
load par t of total load sustained by structure / member applied to it after erection
Live / imposed
:
→ Orientation of beam
,
Cfurnitnteo people ) " " ↳3 n=2b↳
To → Loading
C) y = h ,, y =
his
Dynamic load : load that changes over time ( size / position / direction ) material Cf )
→ strength of
: emer t force onto structure
→→→
-
!- %÷
|_n=
N =
Static load : Ñnt→e ( size , position , direction) .
b=r
r
→ ☐ y =
wind load : load placed on exterior of structure by wind
%
'
depends angle wind strike
fn=i4¥ Ea
shape of structure t of
-
! on
⇒ -
to
Design load :
man amount of something system is designed handle D=
Yo
↓_↓↓
'" %
¥q ,
¥0
Uniformly distributed load
:ÉÉÉd evenly over distance of support
.
=
.⇒ .
"
¥
a- n
¥ yah
¥e
-
-
,
↳9
÷
Moment :
turning effect of force 2nd moment of area /
" = "
moment iner tia
.
:
ability to go against n=r
③ ↳§ D=
4¥
bending is h
¥*
-
- -
Resultant moment ,
body
:
acting on about point of rotation =D
: anticlockwise =
clockwise
Moment of couples :
:
part
line of
of forces ,
force
equal
is not
in
the
magnitude ⇐ )
same
g n
5-
-
_
1¥
÷
--n= 4¥
↑Y
D= r
:
product = forces p
,
Fa
=
perpendicular distance between forces .
÷
" "
.
D= r
Shear force : force acting in a direction parallel to a sur face of cross section of body .
↓↑ ①
t t.EE formuia-cwithan.to)
(t) s f -
-
c y - s f
-
-
structural element external force of moment is applied '
Bending moment
: reaction in a when
chap 1 : "
20kW ,
b- m =
beam shear force
man point on where
changes its sign .
( + → -3
↑
10km1 10km
↑
IT =
3Éˢ
- Shear
2- =
¥
Ckg / m3 ) ( mi ) ( m)
* b. m .
Chap 2 :
W =
density ✗ EA × thickness ✗ to
CKN) 1000
liquid
E→+ ☒ i ñ
=
{A÷ ✗ 5
=
%¥-
Liquid load :
going in / out of distillation stage
: water /
gas load changed to structure -
-
◦ °o° → ☐ ?
ⁿʰ
instead of
n-I.t+I://s-E.FI?2#*g-E-ia1bar
force sudden load structural par t
provided by on
maps a
-
Impact load
: : _
force long period
-
constant applied over a
-
-
Is
b,d÷ ✗ Iyy=,db÷
⊖ "
too .
tt =
:
Inn =
Buckling load : Man
limiting load where column tends to have lateral displacement
☐ 8 load ( KNM) F 6- 12 Ctimber)
shape C deformation] Of structural component under rpm
'
=
mm
Budding sudden change in _
ᵗ¥=ᵗ÷
:
"
= 120 - 150 ( Steel )
when slender elements Under high compression suddenly collapse .
Buckling of column :
phenomenon
W/ mm 2) → ⇐ 106]
☐ →
☐ ② buckling 6 branding
:
¥)✗÷+w÷
Point load UDL Both
=mrc*wm>
Centroid :
centre point of object
(7¥ )
ggg ,,¥
, a n a n a, , µ, , .am. .ua, , www.max.a.am
Centre of
gravity object weight will
'
of inside where be
object point
-
,
acting from .
Simply supported beam : rests on 2 Supports , free to move
horizontally .
Measurement Assumptions
o o
50 750
pinned roller
Joist → , 100
support support 225s 300 325 350
125 150 175 200 J 250 , o ◦
Beam → , ,
1
,
AT Unum
pointed frame with su fficient number of members
trusses pin I :3)
:
per fect frame in roof
[ ☐ > B because pg :-D =
to resist loads without appreciable deformation -
☒
Et Ha ¥↑
rm
'
Imperfect frame " :
frames cannot be analyzed to get internal member forces by external
support reaction using 3 equilibrium
by conditions of static .
¥↑ ¥7
Tips Prof for Arminent !
Question (a) [ DEFINITION] Question Cb) [ CALCULATION]
→ centroid one of questions 20
→
Moment / Moment of Inertia / Ina , Iyy → ca i> Kent
2nd
-
→
•
→ a
Write And Sketch → ,
what is BM for ?
(
= g load +
^
→ Design load ( working
•
factor )
Eg :
→ → Inn /Iyy Safety
•
↑ A → Design Csize , weight ) Mr always 10°
↓ beam •
W
