NUR 212 EXAM 3 (HONDROS)
AND ITS REVIEWED SOLUTIONS
What is diabetes?
A disorder in the pancreas.
chronic disease
7th leading cause of death in the USA
What happens when glucose cannot be metabolized in
diabetes?
Cells die due to lack of primary fuel source.
What is the primary fuel source for cells in the CNS?
Glucose.
What is glycogen?
A stored form of glucose in the liver and muscles, used for
energy when needed.
What is glucose?
A simple sugar that is the body's main source of energy.
What is glucose resistance?
Reduced ability of cells to respond to insulin, leading to
higher blood glucose levels (common in Type 2 diabetes).
What is the cornerstone treatment for diabetes?
Dietary management
How many calories should come from carbs with a
diabetic patient?
45-65%
,If a patient has a blood glucose level of 250 and
urinary ketones present
the patient should not exercise until the patients levels
return to normal
How often should A1C be tested for DM patients?
every 3 to 6 months
What should diabetics avoid applying directly on their
feet?
Hot and cold
Should diabetics go barefoot?
No
What should diabetics use to care for their feet?
Moisturize feet but avoid creams between toes
What should a patient being treated for DKA be
monitored closely for?
Signs of intracranial pressure.
What can happen if blood glucose levels fall too far or
too fast in a DKA patient?
Water is pulled from the blood to the cerebrospinal fluid
and the brain, causing cerebral edema.
What condition can result from rapid changes in blood
glucose levels in a DKA patient?
Increased intracranial pressure.
How should diabetics break in new shoes?
Gradually
How often should a diabetic see an ophthalmologist?
annually
What are causes of hyperglycemia?
Illness, infection, corticosteroids, too much food, too little
or no diabetes medication, inactivity, stress, poor
absorption of insulin.
, The onset of insulin tells you when
the patient should be fed
How often should the patient exercise?
Daily with gradual increase
When should the patient exercise?
At the same time daily
What should the patient eat prior to working out?
A carb 10-15g to avoid hypoglycemia
the typical carb amount per meal for a diabetic is
45-60g per meal
The amount of carbs per meal should be tailored for
each patient
How long can the effects of exercise last?
Up to 48 hours so a patient can experience hypoglycemia
long after exercising.
chronic complications of diabetes
Macrovascular and microvascular disease
skin conditions
4 Microvascular Complications include
-Retinopathy
(vision problems)
-Nephropathy
(kidney dysfunction)
-Neuropathy
(nerve dysfunction)
-male erectile dysfunction
Appears 10 to 20 years after diagnosis
Neuropathy
nerve damage due to metabolic imbalances of diabetes
AND ITS REVIEWED SOLUTIONS
What is diabetes?
A disorder in the pancreas.
chronic disease
7th leading cause of death in the USA
What happens when glucose cannot be metabolized in
diabetes?
Cells die due to lack of primary fuel source.
What is the primary fuel source for cells in the CNS?
Glucose.
What is glycogen?
A stored form of glucose in the liver and muscles, used for
energy when needed.
What is glucose?
A simple sugar that is the body's main source of energy.
What is glucose resistance?
Reduced ability of cells to respond to insulin, leading to
higher blood glucose levels (common in Type 2 diabetes).
What is the cornerstone treatment for diabetes?
Dietary management
How many calories should come from carbs with a
diabetic patient?
45-65%
,If a patient has a blood glucose level of 250 and
urinary ketones present
the patient should not exercise until the patients levels
return to normal
How often should A1C be tested for DM patients?
every 3 to 6 months
What should diabetics avoid applying directly on their
feet?
Hot and cold
Should diabetics go barefoot?
No
What should diabetics use to care for their feet?
Moisturize feet but avoid creams between toes
What should a patient being treated for DKA be
monitored closely for?
Signs of intracranial pressure.
What can happen if blood glucose levels fall too far or
too fast in a DKA patient?
Water is pulled from the blood to the cerebrospinal fluid
and the brain, causing cerebral edema.
What condition can result from rapid changes in blood
glucose levels in a DKA patient?
Increased intracranial pressure.
How should diabetics break in new shoes?
Gradually
How often should a diabetic see an ophthalmologist?
annually
What are causes of hyperglycemia?
Illness, infection, corticosteroids, too much food, too little
or no diabetes medication, inactivity, stress, poor
absorption of insulin.
, The onset of insulin tells you when
the patient should be fed
How often should the patient exercise?
Daily with gradual increase
When should the patient exercise?
At the same time daily
What should the patient eat prior to working out?
A carb 10-15g to avoid hypoglycemia
the typical carb amount per meal for a diabetic is
45-60g per meal
The amount of carbs per meal should be tailored for
each patient
How long can the effects of exercise last?
Up to 48 hours so a patient can experience hypoglycemia
long after exercising.
chronic complications of diabetes
Macrovascular and microvascular disease
skin conditions
4 Microvascular Complications include
-Retinopathy
(vision problems)
-Nephropathy
(kidney dysfunction)
-Neuropathy
(nerve dysfunction)
-male erectile dysfunction
Appears 10 to 20 years after diagnosis
Neuropathy
nerve damage due to metabolic imbalances of diabetes
