AP Biology - Energy and Enzymes Exam
Questions and Answers
metabolism - Correct Answers -the totality of an organism's chemical reactions,
consisting of catabollic and anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy
resources of the organism
metabolic pathway - Correct Answers -a series of chemical reactions that either builds a
complex molecule (anabolic pathway) or breaks down a complex molecule to simpler
molecules (catabolic pathway)
first law of thermodynamics - Correct Answers -the principle of conservation of energy;
energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
energy in the universe is constant.
entropy - Correct Answers -a measure of disorder, or randomness
second law of thermodynamics - Correct Answers -the principle stating that every
energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Usable forms of
energy are at least partly converted to heat
free energy - Correct Answers -the portion of a biological system's energy that can
perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system. The
change in free energy of a system is calculated by the equation delta G = delta H - T
delta S, where delta H is the change in enthaply (in biological systems, equivalent to
total energy), T is the absolute temperature, and delta S is the change in entropy.
catabolic pathway - Correct Answers -a metabolic pathway that releases energy by
breaking down complex molecules to simpler molecules. hydrolysis
anabolic pathway - Correct Answers -a metabolic pathway that consumes energy to
synthesize a complex molecule from simpler molecules. dehydration
kinetic energy - Correct Answers -the energy associated with the relative motion of
objects; moving matter can perform work by imparting motion to other matter
heat (thermal) energy - Correct Answers -that total amount of kinetic energy due to the
random motion of atoms or molecules in a body of matter; also called thermal energy;
energy in its most random form
Questions and Answers
metabolism - Correct Answers -the totality of an organism's chemical reactions,
consisting of catabollic and anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy
resources of the organism
metabolic pathway - Correct Answers -a series of chemical reactions that either builds a
complex molecule (anabolic pathway) or breaks down a complex molecule to simpler
molecules (catabolic pathway)
first law of thermodynamics - Correct Answers -the principle of conservation of energy;
energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
energy in the universe is constant.
entropy - Correct Answers -a measure of disorder, or randomness
second law of thermodynamics - Correct Answers -the principle stating that every
energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Usable forms of
energy are at least partly converted to heat
free energy - Correct Answers -the portion of a biological system's energy that can
perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system. The
change in free energy of a system is calculated by the equation delta G = delta H - T
delta S, where delta H is the change in enthaply (in biological systems, equivalent to
total energy), T is the absolute temperature, and delta S is the change in entropy.
catabolic pathway - Correct Answers -a metabolic pathway that releases energy by
breaking down complex molecules to simpler molecules. hydrolysis
anabolic pathway - Correct Answers -a metabolic pathway that consumes energy to
synthesize a complex molecule from simpler molecules. dehydration
kinetic energy - Correct Answers -the energy associated with the relative motion of
objects; moving matter can perform work by imparting motion to other matter
heat (thermal) energy - Correct Answers -that total amount of kinetic energy due to the
random motion of atoms or molecules in a body of matter; also called thermal energy;
energy in its most random form
