PSYC 102 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Motivation
The set of factors that initiate and direct behaviour, usually toward some goal
Emotion
A psychological event involving (1) a physiological reaction, usually arousal, (2) some
king of expressive reaction, such as a distinct facial expression, and (3) some kind of
subjective experience, such as the conscious feeling of being happy or sad
Instincts
Unlearned characteristic patterns of responding that are controlled by specific triggering
stimuli in the world; not thought to an important factor in explaining goal-directed
behaviour in humans
Primary drive
A psychological state that arises in response to an internal physiological need such as
hunger or thirst
homeostasis
The process through which the body maintains a steady state, such as a constant
internal temperature or an adequate amount of fluids
secondary drive
A drive learned by association with a primary drive (e.g. the need for money)
proximate factors
,Causes of behaviour that derive from an organism's immediate internal or external
environment
ultimate factors
Causes of behaviour that refer to the evolutionarily adaptive significance and
reproductive consequences for the organism
incentive motivation
External factors in the environment - such as money, an attractive person, or tasty food-
that exert pulling effects on people's actions
achievement motive
A need that varies in strength on any given task depends on (1) expectations about
success and (2) how much value a person places on succeeding at the task
intrinsic motivation
Goal-directed behaviour that seems to be entirely self-motivated
need hierarchy
the idea popularized by Maslow that human needs are prioritized in a hierarchy, some
needs, especially physiological ones, must be satisfied before others, such as the need
for achievement or self-satisfaction can be pursued
glucose
A kind of sugar that cells require for energy production
insulin
A hormone released by the pancreas that helps pump nutrients in the blood into the
cells, where they can be stored as fat or metabolized into needed energy
leptin
, A hormone that may regulate the amount of energy stored in fat cells
ventromedial hypothalamus
A portion of the hypothalamus that, when lesioned, causes an animal to typically
overeact and gain a large amount of weight; once thought to be a kind of "stop eating,"
or satiety centre in the brain; its role in eating behaviour is currently unknown
lateral hypothalamus
A portion of the hypothalamus that, when lesioned, causes an animal to be reluctant to
eat; probably plays some role in eating behaviour, but the precise role is unknown
set point
A natural body weight, perhaps produced by genetic factors, that the body seeks to
maintain; when body weight falls below the set point, people are motivated to eat; when
weight exceeds set point, people feel less motivated to eat
obesity
A weight problem characterized by excessive body fat
anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder diagnosed when an otherwise healthy person refused to maintain a
normal weight level because of an intense fear of being overweight
bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder in which the principle symptom is binge eating, followed by purging in
which the person voluntarily vomits or uses laxatives to prevent weight gain
erogenous zones
stimulation to these regions causes intense stimulation
sexual script
SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Motivation
The set of factors that initiate and direct behaviour, usually toward some goal
Emotion
A psychological event involving (1) a physiological reaction, usually arousal, (2) some
king of expressive reaction, such as a distinct facial expression, and (3) some kind of
subjective experience, such as the conscious feeling of being happy or sad
Instincts
Unlearned characteristic patterns of responding that are controlled by specific triggering
stimuli in the world; not thought to an important factor in explaining goal-directed
behaviour in humans
Primary drive
A psychological state that arises in response to an internal physiological need such as
hunger or thirst
homeostasis
The process through which the body maintains a steady state, such as a constant
internal temperature or an adequate amount of fluids
secondary drive
A drive learned by association with a primary drive (e.g. the need for money)
proximate factors
,Causes of behaviour that derive from an organism's immediate internal or external
environment
ultimate factors
Causes of behaviour that refer to the evolutionarily adaptive significance and
reproductive consequences for the organism
incentive motivation
External factors in the environment - such as money, an attractive person, or tasty food-
that exert pulling effects on people's actions
achievement motive
A need that varies in strength on any given task depends on (1) expectations about
success and (2) how much value a person places on succeeding at the task
intrinsic motivation
Goal-directed behaviour that seems to be entirely self-motivated
need hierarchy
the idea popularized by Maslow that human needs are prioritized in a hierarchy, some
needs, especially physiological ones, must be satisfied before others, such as the need
for achievement or self-satisfaction can be pursued
glucose
A kind of sugar that cells require for energy production
insulin
A hormone released by the pancreas that helps pump nutrients in the blood into the
cells, where they can be stored as fat or metabolized into needed energy
leptin
, A hormone that may regulate the amount of energy stored in fat cells
ventromedial hypothalamus
A portion of the hypothalamus that, when lesioned, causes an animal to typically
overeact and gain a large amount of weight; once thought to be a kind of "stop eating,"
or satiety centre in the brain; its role in eating behaviour is currently unknown
lateral hypothalamus
A portion of the hypothalamus that, when lesioned, causes an animal to be reluctant to
eat; probably plays some role in eating behaviour, but the precise role is unknown
set point
A natural body weight, perhaps produced by genetic factors, that the body seeks to
maintain; when body weight falls below the set point, people are motivated to eat; when
weight exceeds set point, people feel less motivated to eat
obesity
A weight problem characterized by excessive body fat
anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder diagnosed when an otherwise healthy person refused to maintain a
normal weight level because of an intense fear of being overweight
bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder in which the principle symptom is binge eating, followed by purging in
which the person voluntarily vomits or uses laxatives to prevent weight gain
erogenous zones
stimulation to these regions causes intense stimulation
sexual script
