PSYC 102 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Early theories personality Hippocrates
4 temperaments
Sanguine - joyful, eager, optimistic (blood dominant).
Phlegmatic - calm, reliable, thoughtful (phlegm dominant).
Melancholic - suspicious, reserved, unhappy (black bile dominant).
Choleric - passionate, ambitious, bold (yellow bile dominant).
Galen Early theories personality
believed that personality & disease is caused by the imbalance of the humors.
Gall's phrenology
certain physical features in certain areas of the head indicate an excess of a certain
emotion (topographically mapped on the skull).
Freud's triarchic personality theory
id ego & superego
Id & pleasure principle
Primitive
Pleasure Principle - immediate gratification
Ego & reality principle
,unconscious + conscious
Rational
Reality Principle - ego's control of the pleasure-seeking activity of the id in order to meet
the demands of the external world
superego
unconscious + conscious
Moral compass (socialized)
Imbalance between id, ego and superego leads to
neurosis, anxiety disorders and unhealthy behaviors
Ego's attempt to rebalance system (protective)
Enacted by the unconscious mind (unaware)
Neurosis
mental condition that is not caused by organic disease, involving symptoms of stress
(depression, anxiety..) but not a radical loss of touch with reality
Types of defense mechanisms
Denial,
Displacement - redirects an emotional reaction from the rightful recipient onto another
person or object
Projection - eelings directed towards the self are displaced towards other people
rationalization,
Reaction Formation - replaces an unwanted or anxiety-provoking impulse with its
opposite, often expressed in an exaggerated or showy way.
, Regression - deals with stress by behaving in an immature or age-inappropriate way.
Repression - blocking of unpleasant emotions, impulses, memories, and thoughts from
your conscious mind
Sublimation - unwanted or unacceptable urges into an admissible or productive
outlet.
Neo Freudians 4
Alfred Adler - motivator: inferiority
Erik Erikson - motivator: social development
Carl Jung - motivator: integrating unconscious into consciousness
Karen Horney - motivator: self-realization
Big five personality (OCEAN)
Openness - to new experiences
Conscientious - orderliness & industriousness
Extroversion - sensitivity to positive emotions
Agreeableness - cooperative
Neuroticism - sensitivity to negative emotions
Allport's trait theory
Traits are description of personality
People either possess trait or they don't
Cardinal vs. Central vs. Secondary traits
unique/personal vs. general vs. conditional personality traits
Behaviorists on personality
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Early theories personality Hippocrates
4 temperaments
Sanguine - joyful, eager, optimistic (blood dominant).
Phlegmatic - calm, reliable, thoughtful (phlegm dominant).
Melancholic - suspicious, reserved, unhappy (black bile dominant).
Choleric - passionate, ambitious, bold (yellow bile dominant).
Galen Early theories personality
believed that personality & disease is caused by the imbalance of the humors.
Gall's phrenology
certain physical features in certain areas of the head indicate an excess of a certain
emotion (topographically mapped on the skull).
Freud's triarchic personality theory
id ego & superego
Id & pleasure principle
Primitive
Pleasure Principle - immediate gratification
Ego & reality principle
,unconscious + conscious
Rational
Reality Principle - ego's control of the pleasure-seeking activity of the id in order to meet
the demands of the external world
superego
unconscious + conscious
Moral compass (socialized)
Imbalance between id, ego and superego leads to
neurosis, anxiety disorders and unhealthy behaviors
Ego's attempt to rebalance system (protective)
Enacted by the unconscious mind (unaware)
Neurosis
mental condition that is not caused by organic disease, involving symptoms of stress
(depression, anxiety..) but not a radical loss of touch with reality
Types of defense mechanisms
Denial,
Displacement - redirects an emotional reaction from the rightful recipient onto another
person or object
Projection - eelings directed towards the self are displaced towards other people
rationalization,
Reaction Formation - replaces an unwanted or anxiety-provoking impulse with its
opposite, often expressed in an exaggerated or showy way.
, Regression - deals with stress by behaving in an immature or age-inappropriate way.
Repression - blocking of unpleasant emotions, impulses, memories, and thoughts from
your conscious mind
Sublimation - unwanted or unacceptable urges into an admissible or productive
outlet.
Neo Freudians 4
Alfred Adler - motivator: inferiority
Erik Erikson - motivator: social development
Carl Jung - motivator: integrating unconscious into consciousness
Karen Horney - motivator: self-realization
Big five personality (OCEAN)
Openness - to new experiences
Conscientious - orderliness & industriousness
Extroversion - sensitivity to positive emotions
Agreeableness - cooperative
Neuroticism - sensitivity to negative emotions
Allport's trait theory
Traits are description of personality
People either possess trait or they don't
Cardinal vs. Central vs. Secondary traits
unique/personal vs. general vs. conditional personality traits
Behaviorists on personality
