PSYC 102 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED
What is learning?
relatively enduring change in behavior or knowledge as a result of experience.
What is conditioning?
process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral
responses
What is classical conditioning? You should be familiar with Pavlov and
conditioning experiments with dogs. What is the difference between classical and
operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning is the basic learning process that involves repeatedly pairing a
neutral stimulus with a response-producing stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the
same response.
Pavlov dog (UCS Food) stimulus that naturally triggers a response.
(UCR Salivation) a naturally occurring response to the UCS (food).
(NS Sound) a stimulus that has not been paired with the UCS and elicits no response
(Sound).
,After
(CS Sound) a previously neutral stimulus (NS) that is paired with the UCS and as a
result, triggers a conditioned response (CR) Sound
(CR Salivation) a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (NR), but now a
conditioned stimulus (CS) Salivation
The difference with Classical and Operant is, explains how certain stimuli can trigger an
automatic response. While is useful in understanding how new, voluntary actions are
acquired.
What is the unconditioned stimulus?
Natural stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without the need for prior learning
What is the unconditioned response?
unlearned, reflexive response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus.
What is the neutral stimulus?
does not naturally produce a response.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
formerly neutral stimulus that acquires the ability to elicit a reflexive response.
What is a conditioned response?
learned, reflexive response to a conditioned stimulus
What factors influence whether conditioning will occur?
, Timing: Conditioning is most effective when the conditioned stimulus is presented
immediately before the unconditioned stimulus. The more frequently the pairing of the
conditioned and unconditioned stimulus occurs results in a stronger association
between the two.
Be able to describe stimulus generalization and discrimination.
Stimulus generalization: occurence of a learned response not only to the original
stimulus but to other, similar stimuli as well (EX your dog may get excited when you
shake a box of dog treats and do the same when you shake a bag of cat food). Stimulus
discrimination: the occurrence of a learned response to a specific stimulus but not to
other similar stimuli (EX your dog eventually stops getting excited when you shake the
cat food bag).
What is higher order conditioning?
Is a type of conditioning emphasized by Ivan Pavlov. It involves the modification of
reaction to a neutral stimulus associated with a conditioned stimulus that was formerly
neutral. ... This indicates that the stimulus can be changed and that salivation will still
occur.
What is extinction?
(in classical conditioning) a gradual weakening and apparent disappearance of
conditioned behavior. Occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented
without the unconditioned stimulus.
What is spontaneous recovery?
the reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred.
What is the law of effect?
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED
What is learning?
relatively enduring change in behavior or knowledge as a result of experience.
What is conditioning?
process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral
responses
What is classical conditioning? You should be familiar with Pavlov and
conditioning experiments with dogs. What is the difference between classical and
operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning is the basic learning process that involves repeatedly pairing a
neutral stimulus with a response-producing stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the
same response.
Pavlov dog (UCS Food) stimulus that naturally triggers a response.
(UCR Salivation) a naturally occurring response to the UCS (food).
(NS Sound) a stimulus that has not been paired with the UCS and elicits no response
(Sound).
,After
(CS Sound) a previously neutral stimulus (NS) that is paired with the UCS and as a
result, triggers a conditioned response (CR) Sound
(CR Salivation) a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (NR), but now a
conditioned stimulus (CS) Salivation
The difference with Classical and Operant is, explains how certain stimuli can trigger an
automatic response. While is useful in understanding how new, voluntary actions are
acquired.
What is the unconditioned stimulus?
Natural stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without the need for prior learning
What is the unconditioned response?
unlearned, reflexive response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus.
What is the neutral stimulus?
does not naturally produce a response.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
formerly neutral stimulus that acquires the ability to elicit a reflexive response.
What is a conditioned response?
learned, reflexive response to a conditioned stimulus
What factors influence whether conditioning will occur?
, Timing: Conditioning is most effective when the conditioned stimulus is presented
immediately before the unconditioned stimulus. The more frequently the pairing of the
conditioned and unconditioned stimulus occurs results in a stronger association
between the two.
Be able to describe stimulus generalization and discrimination.
Stimulus generalization: occurence of a learned response not only to the original
stimulus but to other, similar stimuli as well (EX your dog may get excited when you
shake a box of dog treats and do the same when you shake a bag of cat food). Stimulus
discrimination: the occurrence of a learned response to a specific stimulus but not to
other similar stimuli (EX your dog eventually stops getting excited when you shake the
cat food bag).
What is higher order conditioning?
Is a type of conditioning emphasized by Ivan Pavlov. It involves the modification of
reaction to a neutral stimulus associated with a conditioned stimulus that was formerly
neutral. ... This indicates that the stimulus can be changed and that salivation will still
occur.
What is extinction?
(in classical conditioning) a gradual weakening and apparent disappearance of
conditioned behavior. Occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented
without the unconditioned stimulus.
What is spontaneous recovery?
the reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred.
What is the law of effect?
