CMAS 258N EXAM TWO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
tramua
an emotional wound resulting from a distressing event or series of events that are
overwhelming to the personality
when does trauma occur?
- when these three basic assumptions by Janoff-Bulman are shattered:
1. the world is meaningful (the world is not meaningful when you cannot figure out the
rules in a home where they constantly change and are often cruel)
2. the world is benevolent (the world is not benevolent when a parent is beating you)
3. I have worth as a person (children who are not valued by their caretakers and do not
receive positive messages that they are worthwhile begin to doubt their own worth)
reptilian brain
- the base of the brain that is attached to the spinal cord
- controls reflex behaviors that allow us to live; such as breathing, muscle control,
balance, the heartbeat, and basic instincts
midbrain/limbic system
- center for learning and emotion
- sees everything in terms of pain or pleasure and seeks to help us survive by avoiding
pain and seeking reoccurring pleasure
structures in the limbic system
,amygdala and hippocampus
amygdala
- our body's alarm system; a means of survival especially geared to recognize danger
and fear
- during trauma, the amygdala goes into survival mode, increasing the arousal and
autonomic responses and activating the stress hormones
- when such a message is received, the amygdala prepares the body for fight, flight or
freeze
- decides what memories of the event should be attached to those memories; in other
words the fear induced by the trauma becomes imprinted in the amygdala and makes
the individual hypersensitive to danger
hippocampus
- involved in processing, learning, formation, organization, storage, and retrieval of
memories
- normally the hippocampus convert short-term memories into long-term memories
- trauma interrupts this process so that the hippocampus cannot properly integrate and
diminish the memories; instead they remain within easy reach to be brought up when a
trigger occurs leaving the individual to experience the trauma again, normally in the
form of flashbacks
prefrontal cortex
- the left frontal lobe specialized in strong memories of individual events
- the right frontal lobe extracts a theme or main point from these events
- after trauma, the lower brain (which is designed to handle instinct and emotions)
,undermines the inhibitory abilities of the cortex so that the cortex cannot stop
inappropriate reactions and refocus the individual's attention
- the lack of blood flow in the left prefrontal lobe lessens our ability for language,
memory, and other functions of that lobe
- the lack of blood flow in the right prefrontal lobe increases our feelings of sorrow,
sadness and anger
what are the effects on a child who is exposed to trauma?
- a persistent fear response
- hyperarousal
- diminished executive function
- delayed milestones
- weakened response to positive feedback
- difficulty with complicated social interactions
what are the three degrees of trauma?
- acute
- chronic
- complex
acute trauma
- based on a one-time experience that is overwhelming for the psyche
- ex. witnessing a disaster, being raped or beaten, witnessing a murder, or being in a
serious car accident
chronic trauma
, - experienced by those whose lives are punctuated traumatic events
- ex. children who are abused or neglected in childhood
complex trauma
- has evolved to describe multiple family or community events throughout childhood that
leave the individual with significant impairment
- this constant assault or wounding of the personality may leave the individual unable to
regulate stress and overwhelmed by the ability to do so
nature
- inborn, biological, hereditary information, we receive from parents at the moment of
conception
- reminder: synapses in infants will be on exam!
nurture
forces of the physical and social world that influence one's biological makeup and
psychological experiences
aspects of development: biological
indicates that nature has a role in how a child grows physically
aspects of development: congnitive/developmental
indicates the child's thoughts, intelligence, and language
aspects of development: emotional
child's development of emotions and personality
aspects of development: social
importance of relationships with other people
aspects of development: sexual development
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
tramua
an emotional wound resulting from a distressing event or series of events that are
overwhelming to the personality
when does trauma occur?
- when these three basic assumptions by Janoff-Bulman are shattered:
1. the world is meaningful (the world is not meaningful when you cannot figure out the
rules in a home where they constantly change and are often cruel)
2. the world is benevolent (the world is not benevolent when a parent is beating you)
3. I have worth as a person (children who are not valued by their caretakers and do not
receive positive messages that they are worthwhile begin to doubt their own worth)
reptilian brain
- the base of the brain that is attached to the spinal cord
- controls reflex behaviors that allow us to live; such as breathing, muscle control,
balance, the heartbeat, and basic instincts
midbrain/limbic system
- center for learning and emotion
- sees everything in terms of pain or pleasure and seeks to help us survive by avoiding
pain and seeking reoccurring pleasure
structures in the limbic system
,amygdala and hippocampus
amygdala
- our body's alarm system; a means of survival especially geared to recognize danger
and fear
- during trauma, the amygdala goes into survival mode, increasing the arousal and
autonomic responses and activating the stress hormones
- when such a message is received, the amygdala prepares the body for fight, flight or
freeze
- decides what memories of the event should be attached to those memories; in other
words the fear induced by the trauma becomes imprinted in the amygdala and makes
the individual hypersensitive to danger
hippocampus
- involved in processing, learning, formation, organization, storage, and retrieval of
memories
- normally the hippocampus convert short-term memories into long-term memories
- trauma interrupts this process so that the hippocampus cannot properly integrate and
diminish the memories; instead they remain within easy reach to be brought up when a
trigger occurs leaving the individual to experience the trauma again, normally in the
form of flashbacks
prefrontal cortex
- the left frontal lobe specialized in strong memories of individual events
- the right frontal lobe extracts a theme or main point from these events
- after trauma, the lower brain (which is designed to handle instinct and emotions)
,undermines the inhibitory abilities of the cortex so that the cortex cannot stop
inappropriate reactions and refocus the individual's attention
- the lack of blood flow in the left prefrontal lobe lessens our ability for language,
memory, and other functions of that lobe
- the lack of blood flow in the right prefrontal lobe increases our feelings of sorrow,
sadness and anger
what are the effects on a child who is exposed to trauma?
- a persistent fear response
- hyperarousal
- diminished executive function
- delayed milestones
- weakened response to positive feedback
- difficulty with complicated social interactions
what are the three degrees of trauma?
- acute
- chronic
- complex
acute trauma
- based on a one-time experience that is overwhelming for the psyche
- ex. witnessing a disaster, being raped or beaten, witnessing a murder, or being in a
serious car accident
chronic trauma
, - experienced by those whose lives are punctuated traumatic events
- ex. children who are abused or neglected in childhood
complex trauma
- has evolved to describe multiple family or community events throughout childhood that
leave the individual with significant impairment
- this constant assault or wounding of the personality may leave the individual unable to
regulate stress and overwhelmed by the ability to do so
nature
- inborn, biological, hereditary information, we receive from parents at the moment of
conception
- reminder: synapses in infants will be on exam!
nurture
forces of the physical and social world that influence one's biological makeup and
psychological experiences
aspects of development: biological
indicates that nature has a role in how a child grows physically
aspects of development: congnitive/developmental
indicates the child's thoughts, intelligence, and language
aspects of development: emotional
child's development of emotions and personality
aspects of development: social
importance of relationships with other people
aspects of development: sexual development
