UNDERSTANDING THE SELF (PRELIMS) Reason-divine essence
Niña Angelica P. Contreras Vinzon Trev E. Physical appetite-basic
Combate biological needs
Spirit/ Passion-basic emotions
I. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF - Concept of Justice
THE SELF - Theory of Forms: World of Forms
1) Socrates- AN UNEXAMINED LIFE IS & World of Senses
NOT WORTH LIVING World of Forms- (Non-physical
- Know thyself ideas) Real
- The self is synonymous with the World of Senses- (Reality)
soul Replica
- Every human possesses an 3) Aristotle- THE SOUL IS THE ESSENCE
immortal soul OF THE SELF
- Full power of reason: who we are, - Soul is merely a defining feature;
who we should be, who we will Soul and Self are not separate
become entities
- Two dichotomous realms: - Anything with life has a soul
Physical Realm and Ideal Realm - Rational thinking
Physical Realm- changeable, - Three Kinds Soul:
transient, and imperfect; BODY Vegetative-physical body
Ideal Realm- unchanging, Sentient-feelings and emotions
eternal, and immortal; Rational- intellect/moral
SOUL/INTELLECTUAL virtues
ESSENCE OF THE UNIVERSE/ - Good, flourishing and fulfilling life
TRUTH, GOODNESS AND 4) St. Augustine- THE SELF HAS AN
BEAUTY IMMORTAL SOUL
- The essence of the selfthe - Integrated the teachings of Plato
soulis the immortal entity and the Church
- Soul strives for wisdom; Reason is - Body spouse of the soul attached
the soul’s tool by natural appetite
- Soul searching - Soul governs and defines man
- Self- source of all knowledge and - Confessions- humankind is
significance created in the image and likeness
- Socratic Method- Introspection- of God
carefully examining one’s - Self-knowledge is a consequence
thoughts and emotions to gain of knowledge of God
self-knowledge - Knowledge can only come by
2) Plato- THE SELF IS AN IMMORTAL seeing the truth that dwells within
SOUL us
- Elaborates Socrates’ concept of - The self is united with God
the soul through faith and reason
- Process of self-knowledge and
purification of the soul
- Three-part soul/self:
, - Developed the fundamental 7) David Hume- THERE IS NO SELF
concept of the human person: “I - Collection of different perceptions
am doubting, therefore I am” - Impressions and Ideas
5) René Descartes- I THINK THEREFORE - Personal identity is a result of
I AM imagination
- Father of Modern Philosophy Impressions-basic sensations
- Cogito ergo sum (I think therefore or feeling; vivid, strong and
I am)- keystone of Descartes’ lively
concept of the self Ideas- thoughts and images
- The act of thinking, of being self- from impressions; less lively
conscious is the proof that there is and vivid
a self 8) Immanuel Kant- WE CONSTRUCT THE
- Self is a thinking entity that SELF
doubts, understands, analyzes, - The self is actively organizing and
questions, and reasons synthesizing all our thoughts and
- Two dimensions of the human perceptions
self: Thinking entity and Physical - Utilizes conceptual categories:
body Transcendental deduction of
- Thinking self (soul)- immortal and categories
independent of the physical laws - The self is an organizing principle
- Physical body- material and non- - The self constructs its own reality
thinking entity governed by - The self is a product of reason, a
physical laws regulative principle
- Soul and body are independent of 9) Sigmund Freud- THE SELF IS
one another MULTILAYERED
6) John Locke- THE SELF IS - Conscious self- reality principle
CONSCIOUSNESS (thoughts, perceptions)
- Human mind at birth is tabula - Unconscious self- basic instinctual
rasa or a blank slate drives (fears, undesirable
- The self is constructed through experiences)
sense experience (senses) - Preconscious self- not threatening
- Key to understanding the self: and easily brought to mind
Conscious awareness and memory (memories, stored knowledge)
of previous experiences 10) Gilbert Ryle- THE SELF IS THE WAY
- Consciousness makes identity of a PEOPLE BEHAVE
person similar in different - Pattern of behavior
situations - I act therefore I am
- The power of reason and 11) Paul Churchland- THE SELF IS THE
introspection enables one to BRAIN
understand and achieve accurate - Eliminative materialism
conclusions about the Self - Self is inseparable from the brain
- The self is a thinking, reasoning, 12) Maurice Merleau-Ponty
and reflecting entity
Niña Angelica P. Contreras Vinzon Trev E. Physical appetite-basic
Combate biological needs
Spirit/ Passion-basic emotions
I. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF - Concept of Justice
THE SELF - Theory of Forms: World of Forms
1) Socrates- AN UNEXAMINED LIFE IS & World of Senses
NOT WORTH LIVING World of Forms- (Non-physical
- Know thyself ideas) Real
- The self is synonymous with the World of Senses- (Reality)
soul Replica
- Every human possesses an 3) Aristotle- THE SOUL IS THE ESSENCE
immortal soul OF THE SELF
- Full power of reason: who we are, - Soul is merely a defining feature;
who we should be, who we will Soul and Self are not separate
become entities
- Two dichotomous realms: - Anything with life has a soul
Physical Realm and Ideal Realm - Rational thinking
Physical Realm- changeable, - Three Kinds Soul:
transient, and imperfect; BODY Vegetative-physical body
Ideal Realm- unchanging, Sentient-feelings and emotions
eternal, and immortal; Rational- intellect/moral
SOUL/INTELLECTUAL virtues
ESSENCE OF THE UNIVERSE/ - Good, flourishing and fulfilling life
TRUTH, GOODNESS AND 4) St. Augustine- THE SELF HAS AN
BEAUTY IMMORTAL SOUL
- The essence of the selfthe - Integrated the teachings of Plato
soulis the immortal entity and the Church
- Soul strives for wisdom; Reason is - Body spouse of the soul attached
the soul’s tool by natural appetite
- Soul searching - Soul governs and defines man
- Self- source of all knowledge and - Confessions- humankind is
significance created in the image and likeness
- Socratic Method- Introspection- of God
carefully examining one’s - Self-knowledge is a consequence
thoughts and emotions to gain of knowledge of God
self-knowledge - Knowledge can only come by
2) Plato- THE SELF IS AN IMMORTAL seeing the truth that dwells within
SOUL us
- Elaborates Socrates’ concept of - The self is united with God
the soul through faith and reason
- Process of self-knowledge and
purification of the soul
- Three-part soul/self:
, - Developed the fundamental 7) David Hume- THERE IS NO SELF
concept of the human person: “I - Collection of different perceptions
am doubting, therefore I am” - Impressions and Ideas
5) René Descartes- I THINK THEREFORE - Personal identity is a result of
I AM imagination
- Father of Modern Philosophy Impressions-basic sensations
- Cogito ergo sum (I think therefore or feeling; vivid, strong and
I am)- keystone of Descartes’ lively
concept of the self Ideas- thoughts and images
- The act of thinking, of being self- from impressions; less lively
conscious is the proof that there is and vivid
a self 8) Immanuel Kant- WE CONSTRUCT THE
- Self is a thinking entity that SELF
doubts, understands, analyzes, - The self is actively organizing and
questions, and reasons synthesizing all our thoughts and
- Two dimensions of the human perceptions
self: Thinking entity and Physical - Utilizes conceptual categories:
body Transcendental deduction of
- Thinking self (soul)- immortal and categories
independent of the physical laws - The self is an organizing principle
- Physical body- material and non- - The self constructs its own reality
thinking entity governed by - The self is a product of reason, a
physical laws regulative principle
- Soul and body are independent of 9) Sigmund Freud- THE SELF IS
one another MULTILAYERED
6) John Locke- THE SELF IS - Conscious self- reality principle
CONSCIOUSNESS (thoughts, perceptions)
- Human mind at birth is tabula - Unconscious self- basic instinctual
rasa or a blank slate drives (fears, undesirable
- The self is constructed through experiences)
sense experience (senses) - Preconscious self- not threatening
- Key to understanding the self: and easily brought to mind
Conscious awareness and memory (memories, stored knowledge)
of previous experiences 10) Gilbert Ryle- THE SELF IS THE WAY
- Consciousness makes identity of a PEOPLE BEHAVE
person similar in different - Pattern of behavior
situations - I act therefore I am
- The power of reason and 11) Paul Churchland- THE SELF IS THE
introspection enables one to BRAIN
understand and achieve accurate - Eliminative materialism
conclusions about the Self - Self is inseparable from the brain
- The self is a thinking, reasoning, 12) Maurice Merleau-Ponty
and reflecting entity
