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BIOL 101 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EXAM LATEST UPDATE.Buy Quality Materials! Define Biotechnology the manipulation of organisms or their genetic components to make useful products What is the most common genetically modified trait found in Canadian crops? Herbicide resistance Define Genetic Engineering The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes. Manipulation of genes usually require Cloning. Define Cloning refers to any procedure that recreates a genetic replica of a cell or organism. Define Recombinant DNA DNA from two different sources that is combined into one DNA molecule. What 4 steps comprise Genetic Modification? 1. Copy the gene. 2. Cut the plasmid. 3. Join the two pieces. 4. Introduce the plasmid into bacteria. Define Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) The mixing of a DNA template, DNA polymerase, dNTPS (dATP, dCTP, dTTP, dGTP), and primers (single stranded DNA); dNTPS synthesize the new DNA strands and Primers match the template of interest Define Denaturation in DNA cloning The separation of the two strands of DNA. What temperature is DNA denatured at? 94 Degrees Celsius What does Annealing do in DNA cloning? Annealing causes the mixture to favour the binding of the primers to the two DNA strands of the DNA template. What serves as a starting point for the new DNA strand in DNA cloning? The primers serve as a starting point for the new DNA strand. What temperature does annealing occur at? 50 to 70 degrees Celsius What happens in Polymerization in DNA cloning? Polymerization involves the DNA polymerase binding to the endpoint of the primer and extends the DNA strands by adding in dNTPS. If one wanted to making more DNA copies, what step is returned to resume the cloning process? Denaturation What are the 4 steps in Gel Electrophoresis 1. DNA is loaded into agarose gel. 2. Electric current is passed through.

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BIOL 101 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EXAM LATEST
UPDATE.Buy Quality Materials!


during interphase, the genetic material of a typical eukaryotic cell is __________
dispersed in the nucleus as long stands of chromatin
which of the following events occurs during telophase of mitosis?

- the chromosomes condense
- the chromosomes align on the metaphase plate
- DNA replicates
- the sister chromatids separate
- two distinct fighter nuclei form in the cell
- the nuclear envelope fragments
two distinct daughter nuclei form in the cell
how many chromatids does a human somatic cell contain after interphase and
just prior to mitosis?
92
one event occurring during prophase is __________
the beginning of the formation of a spindle apparatus
which of the following phases of mitosis is essentially the opposite of
prometaphase in terms of the nuclear envelope?

- interphase
- S phase
- anaphase
- telophase
- metaphase
telophase
how does the process of mitosis differ between most eukaryotes and other
eukaryotes such as diatoms and dinoflagellates?
the nuclear envelope fragments in most eukaryotes but remains intact in diatoms and
dinoflagellates
during binary fission in a bacterium ___________
the origins of replication move apart
which of the following events does not occur during prophase of mitosis?

- the chromosomes condense
- the centrosomes move away from each other
- each duplicated chromosome appears as two identical sister chromatids
- nucleoli disappear
- the mitotic spindle breaks down
- the mitotic spindle forms
the mitotic spindle breaks down

, which of the following events occurs during prometaphase of mitosis?

- the centrosomes move away from each other
- the sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite sides of the cell
- the nuclear envelope fragments
- the mitotic spindle forms
- the nuclear envelope forms again
- the chromosomes align along the metaphase plate of the cell
the nuclear envelope fragments
a cell contains 40 chromatids at the beginning of mitosis. How many
chromosomes will it contain at the completion of cytokinesis?
20
which of the following structures is/are part of the mitotic spindle?

- the aster
- centrosome
- kinetochore microtubules
- nonkinetochore microtubules
- all of the above
all of the above
the complex of DNA and protein that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome is
properly called _________
chromatin
which of the following occurs in meiosis, but not in mitosis?

- homologous chromosomes separate
- a spindle apparatus forms
- the cells formed have the same combination of genes as found in the initial cell
- the nuclear envelope disappears
- sister chromatids undergo disjunction
homologous chromosomes separate
sister chromatids differ from nonsister chromatids in that sister chromatids
_________
are products of the S phase of the cell cycle and are two copies of one chromosome
which life cycle stage is found in plants but not animals?
multicellular haploid
Regarding the role of cohesin protein in maintaining cohesion between sister
chromatids, which of the following statements is false?

- During meiosis I, cohesion holds sister chromatids together along their lengths
as chiasmata form between homologs and during meiosis II, cohesion holds
sister chromatids together along their lengths as the second meiotic spindle
forms
- Cleavage of cohesins between sister chromatid arms at anaphase I allows
homologs to separate
- During meiosis I, cohesion holds sister chromatids together along their lengths

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