BIOL 101 GENETICS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EXAM
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Define DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA is a double helix polymer structure of nucleotides, each
consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
What two ends does DNA have?
5 Prime (5') and 3 Prime (3'); the n prime denotes the carbon position that serves as the
linking site.
What bond is stronger: G-C or A-T?
A G-C bond has 3 hyrdogen bonds and A-T has 2 hydrogen bonds thus making a G-C
bond stronger.
Define Genes
The genetic instructions for making proteins
What do proteins do?
Proteins carry out the essential functions in an organism
Define Gene Expression
Gene Expression is the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis - consisting of
transcription and translation.
What is a promoter in the transcription process of DNA?
A Promoter is a specific DNA sequence where transcription factors bind to initiate
transcription.
Define Exons
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or
peptide sequence.
Define Introns
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and interrupts the
sequence of genes.
What mediates the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription?
Transcription Factors
Define Transcription Factors
protein that binds to the DNA at the promoter or enhancer region and that influences
transcription of a gene
Define TATA box
The TATA box (a DNA sequence) serves as the binding site for transcription factors.
What catalyzes RNA synthesis?
RNA polymerase
What strand is the template strand in transcription?
The 3 prime (3') to 5 prime (5')
Define Elongation in the transcription process
As RNA Polymerase moves along the DNA, it untwists the double helix 10 to 20 bases
at at time. In this way, a gene can be transcribed simultaneously by several RNA
polymerases.
How is the transcription of DNA terminated?
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Define DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA is a double helix polymer structure of nucleotides, each
consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
What two ends does DNA have?
5 Prime (5') and 3 Prime (3'); the n prime denotes the carbon position that serves as the
linking site.
What bond is stronger: G-C or A-T?
A G-C bond has 3 hyrdogen bonds and A-T has 2 hydrogen bonds thus making a G-C
bond stronger.
Define Genes
The genetic instructions for making proteins
What do proteins do?
Proteins carry out the essential functions in an organism
Define Gene Expression
Gene Expression is the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis - consisting of
transcription and translation.
What is a promoter in the transcription process of DNA?
A Promoter is a specific DNA sequence where transcription factors bind to initiate
transcription.
Define Exons
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or
peptide sequence.
Define Introns
a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and interrupts the
sequence of genes.
What mediates the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription?
Transcription Factors
Define Transcription Factors
protein that binds to the DNA at the promoter or enhancer region and that influences
transcription of a gene
Define TATA box
The TATA box (a DNA sequence) serves as the binding site for transcription factors.
What catalyzes RNA synthesis?
RNA polymerase
What strand is the template strand in transcription?
The 3 prime (3') to 5 prime (5')
Define Elongation in the transcription process
As RNA Polymerase moves along the DNA, it untwists the double helix 10 to 20 bases
at at time. In this way, a gene can be transcribed simultaneously by several RNA
polymerases.
How is the transcription of DNA terminated?
