TEST BANK FOR
m m
McCance m&mHuether’s mPathophysiology mThemBiologicmBasismformDisease minmAdultsmandmChi
ldrenm9thmEditionmbymJulia mRogers
Chapter m1-49
Chapter m01:mCellular mBiology
Rogers:mMcCance m&mHuether’s mPathophysiology,m9thmEdition
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Whichmstatement mbest mdescribesmthemcellularmfunctionmof mmetabolicmabsorption?
a. Cellsmcanmproducemproteins.
b. Cellsmcanmsecretemdigestivemenzymes.
c. Cellsmcanmtakeminmand musemnutrients.
d. Cellsmcanmsynthesizemfats.
ANS:m C
Inmmetabolicmabsorption,mallmcellsmtakeminmand musemnutrientsmand mothermsubstancesmfrommtheirm
surroundings.mThemremainingmoptionsmaremnot minclusive minmtheirmdescriptionsmof mcellularmmeta
bolicmabsorption.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
2. Wheremismmost mof mamcell’smgeneticminformation,mincludingmRNA mand mDNA,mcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:m C
Themnucleusmcontainsmthemnucleolus,mamsmallmdensemstructuremcomposed mlargelymof mRNA,mmo
st mof mthemcellularmDNA,mand mthemDNA-
bindingmproteins,msuchmasmthemhistones,mwhichmregulatemitsmactivity.mThemmitochondriamaremres
ponsiblemformcellularmrespirationmand menergymproduction.
Ribosomes’mchief mfunctionmismtomprovidemsitesmformcellularmproteinmsynthesis.mLysosomesmfunc
tionmasmthemintracellularmdigestivemsystem.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
3. Whichmcomponent mof mthemcellmproducesmhydrogenmperoxidem(H 2 O2 )mbymusingmoxygenmtomremo
vemhydrogenmatomsmfrommspecificmsubstratesminmanmoxidativemreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:m B
, Peroxisomesmaremsomnamed mbecausemtheymusuallymcontainmenzymes mthat musemoxygenmtomremov
emhydrogenmatomsmfrommspecificmsubstratesminmanmoxidativemreactionmthat mproducesmH2 O2 ,mwhi
chmismampowerfulmoxidant mand mpotentiallymdestructivemif mit maccumulatesmormescapesmfrommperox
isomes.mRibosomesmaremRNA-
proteinmcomplexesm(nucleoproteins)mthat maremsynthesized minmthemnucleolusmand msecreted mintomt
hemcytoplasmmthroughmporesminmthemnuclearmenvelopemcalled mnuclearmporemcomplexes.mLysoso
mesmaremsaclikemstructuresmthat moriginatemfrommthemGolgimcomplexmand mcontainmmoremthanm40m
digestivemenzymesmcalled mhydrolases,mwhichmcatalyzembondsminmproteins,mlipids,mnucleicm acids
,mand mcarbohydrates.mAnmendosomemismamvesicalmthat mhasmbeenmpinched moff mfrommthemcellularm
membrane.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
4. Whichmcellmcomponent mismcapablemof mcellularmautodigestionmwhenmit mismreleased mduringmc
ellminjury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgimcomplex
c. Smoothmendoplasmicmreticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS:m D
Themlysosomalmmembranemactsmasmamprotectivemshield mbetweenmthempowerfulmdigestivemenzym
esmwithinmthemlysosomemand mthemcytoplasm,mpreventingmtheirmleakagemintomthemcytoplasmicmm
atrix.mDisruptionmof mthemmembranembymvariousmtreatmentsmormcellularm injurymleadsmtomamreleas
emof mthemlysosomalmenzymes,mwhichmcanmthenmreact mwithmtheirmspecificmsubstrates,mcausingmce
llularmself-
mdigestion.mThemchief mfunctionmof mamribosomemismtomprovidemsitesmformcellularmproteinmsynthesi
s.mThemGolgimcomplexmismamnetworkmof mflattened,msmoothmvesiclesmand mmembranesmoftenmloca
ted mnearmthemcellmnucleus.mThemsmoothmendoplasmicmreticulum mism involved minmsteroid mhormon
emproductionmand mremovingmtoxicmsubstancesmfrommthemcell.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
5. WhichmcAMP-mediated mresponsemismrelated mtomantidiureticmhormone?
a. Increased mheart mratemand mforcemof mcontractio
n
b. Secretionmof mcortisol
c. Increased mretentionmof mwater
d. Breakdownmof mfat
ANS:m C
Antidiureticmhormonemleadsmtomincreased mretentionmof mwaterminmthembody.mEpinephrinemcausesmincr
easesminmheart mratemand mforcemof mcontraction.mIncreased mcortisolmsecretionmismduemtomACTH.mBreakd
ownmof mfat mismduemtomglucagon.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
6. Duringmwhichmphasemof mthemcellmcyclemismDNA msynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS:m B
, Themfourmdesignated mphasesmof mthemcellmcyclemare:m(1)mthemG1 mphasem(Gm=mgap),mwhichmis mthem
period mbetweenmthemMmphasem(Mm=mmitosis)mand mthemstart mof mDNA msynthesis;m(2)mthemSmphase
m(S
=msynthesis),mduringmwhichmDNA mismsynthesized minmthemcellmnucleus;m(3)mthemG2 mphase,mdurin
gmwhichmRNA mand mproteinmsynthesismoccurs,mthemperiod mbetweenmthemcompletionmof mDNAmsy
nthesismand mthemnext mphasem(M);mand m(4)mthemMmphase,mwhichmincludesmnuclearmand mcytoplas
micmdivision.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
7. What morganicmcompound mfacilitatesmtransportationmacrossmcellmmembranesmbymactingm
asmreceptors,mtransport mchannelsmformelectrolytes,mand menzymesmtomdrivemactivempump
s?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS:m C
Proteinsmhavemseveralmfunctions,mincludingmactingmasmreceptors,mtransport mchannelsmformelectrol
ytes,mand menzymesmtomdrivemactivempumpsmLipidsmhelpmact masmthem―glue‖ mholdingmcellmmembra
nesmtogether.mProteasesmcausemthembreakdownmof mprotein.mCarbohydratesmareminvolved minmcellul
armprotectionmand mlubricationmand mhelpmproducemenergymviamoxidativemphosphorylation.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
8. Understandingmthemvariousmstepsmof mproteolyticmcascadesmmaymbemusefulminmdesigningmdr
ugmtherapymformwhichmhumanmdiseases?
a. Cardiacmand mvascularmdisorders
b. Autoimmunemand mmalignant mdisorders
c. Gastrointestinalmand mrenalmdisorders
d. Endocrinemand mgastrointestinalmdisorders
ANS:m B
Understandingmthemvariousmstepsminvolved minmthismprocessmismcrucialmformdesigningmdrugminter
ventions.mDysregulationmof mproteasesmfeaturesmprominentlyminmmanymhumanmdiseases,mincludi
ngmcancer,mautoimmunity,mand mneurodegenerativemdisorders.mCardiac,mvascular,mgastrointesti
nal,mrenal,mand mendocrinemdisordersmdomnot minvolvemthismprocess.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
9. Whichmstructurempreventsmwater-
solublemmoleculesmfrommenteringmcellsmacrossmthemplasmam membrane?
a. Carbohydratemchains
b. Glycoproteinmchannels
c. Membranemchannelmproteins
d. Lipid mbilayer
ANS:m D
, Thembilayer’smstructuremaccountsmformonemof mthemessentialmfunctionsmof mthemplasmammembrane.
mIt mismimpermeablemtommost mwater-
solublemmoleculesm(moleculesmthat mdissolveminmwater)mbecausemthemwater-
solublemmoleculesmareminsolublem inmthemoily mcorem region.m Thembilayermservesmasmambarriermtomt
hemdiffusionmof mwatermand mhydrophilicmsubstancesmwhilemallowingmlipid-
solublemmolecules,msuchmasmoxygenm(O 2 )mand mcarbonmdioxidem(CO 2 ),mtomdiffusemthroughmit mrea
dily.
Carbohydratemchains,mglycoproteinmchannels,mand mmembranemchannelmproteinsmdomnot mpreve
nt mwater-solublemmoleculesmfrommenteringmcellsm acrossmthemcellmmembrane.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
10. A mstudent masksmformanmexplanationmof mthemabsolutemrefractorymperiod mof mthemactionmpotenti
al.mWhat mresponsembymthemprofessormismbest?
a. Amstrongermthanmnormalmimpulsemwillmevokemanothermresponse.
b. Nomstimulusmismablemtomevokemanothermresponsemat mthismtime.
c. Multiplemstimulimcanmproducemmoremrapid mactionmpotentials.
d. Themhyperpolarized mstatemmeansmamweakermstimulusmproducesmamrespons
e.
ANS:m B
Duringmthemabsolutemrefractorymstatemof mthemactionmpotential,mnomstimulusmismablemtomevokeman
othermresponsemfrommthemcell.mA mstrongermthanmnormalmimpulsemmaymgeneratemamresponseminmt
hemrelativemrefractorymperiod.mThismperiod mof mtimemismnot mrelated mtomthemnumbermof mstimuli.mA
mhyperpolarized mstatemmeansmamstrongermthanmnormalmstimulus mwould mbemneeded mtomgeneratem
amresponse.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
11. Whichmformmof mcellmcommunicationmismused mtomwithinmthemcellmitself mand mwithmothermcells
minmdirect mphysicalmcontact?
a. Proteinmchannelm(gapmjunction)
b. Plasmammembrane-bound msignalingmmolecules
c. Hormonemsecretionmsuchmasmneurotransmitters
d. Extracellularmchemicalmmessengersmsuchmasmligand
s
ANS:m B
Cellsmcommunicateminmthreemmainmways;mtheymdisplaymplasmammembrane-
bound msignalingmmoleculesmthat maffect mthemcellmitself mand mothermcellsminmdirect mphysicalmcontac
t mwithmit,mtheymaffect mreceptormproteinsminsidemthemtarget mcell,mand mtheymformmproteinmchannelsm
(gapmjunctions)mthat mdirectlymcoordinatemthemactivitiesmof madjacent mcells.mNeurotransmittersmare
mreleased mbymneuronsmand mcrossmthemsynapticmcleft mtomcommunicatemwithmthemcellsmtheyminnerv
ate.mLigandsmareminvolved minmbindingmprocesses.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
12. Whichmmodemof mchemicalmsignalingmusesmblood mtomtransport mcommunicationmtomcellsmso
memdistancemaway?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormonal
ANS:m D
m m
McCance m&mHuether’s mPathophysiology mThemBiologicmBasismformDisease minmAdultsmandmChi
ldrenm9thmEditionmbymJulia mRogers
Chapter m1-49
Chapter m01:mCellular mBiology
Rogers:mMcCance m&mHuether’s mPathophysiology,m9thmEdition
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Whichmstatement mbest mdescribesmthemcellularmfunctionmof mmetabolicmabsorption?
a. Cellsmcanmproducemproteins.
b. Cellsmcanmsecretemdigestivemenzymes.
c. Cellsmcanmtakeminmand musemnutrients.
d. Cellsmcanmsynthesizemfats.
ANS:m C
Inmmetabolicmabsorption,mallmcellsmtakeminmand musemnutrientsmand mothermsubstancesmfrommtheirm
surroundings.mThemremainingmoptionsmaremnot minclusive minmtheirmdescriptionsmof mcellularmmeta
bolicmabsorption.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
2. Wheremismmost mof mamcell’smgeneticminformation,mincludingmRNA mand mDNA,mcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:m C
Themnucleusmcontainsmthemnucleolus,mamsmallmdensemstructuremcomposed mlargelymof mRNA,mmo
st mof mthemcellularmDNA,mand mthemDNA-
bindingmproteins,msuchmasmthemhistones,mwhichmregulatemitsmactivity.mThemmitochondriamaremres
ponsiblemformcellularmrespirationmand menergymproduction.
Ribosomes’mchief mfunctionmismtomprovidemsitesmformcellularmproteinmsynthesis.mLysosomesmfunc
tionmasmthemintracellularmdigestivemsystem.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
3. Whichmcomponent mof mthemcellmproducesmhydrogenmperoxidem(H 2 O2 )mbymusingmoxygenmtomremo
vemhydrogenmatomsmfrommspecificmsubstratesminmanmoxidativemreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:m B
, Peroxisomesmaremsomnamed mbecausemtheymusuallymcontainmenzymes mthat musemoxygenmtomremov
emhydrogenmatomsmfrommspecificmsubstratesminmanmoxidativemreactionmthat mproducesmH2 O2 ,mwhi
chmismampowerfulmoxidant mand mpotentiallymdestructivemif mit maccumulatesmormescapesmfrommperox
isomes.mRibosomesmaremRNA-
proteinmcomplexesm(nucleoproteins)mthat maremsynthesized minmthemnucleolusmand msecreted mintomt
hemcytoplasmmthroughmporesminmthemnuclearmenvelopemcalled mnuclearmporemcomplexes.mLysoso
mesmaremsaclikemstructuresmthat moriginatemfrommthemGolgimcomplexmand mcontainmmoremthanm40m
digestivemenzymesmcalled mhydrolases,mwhichmcatalyzembondsminmproteins,mlipids,mnucleicm acids
,mand mcarbohydrates.mAnmendosomemismamvesicalmthat mhasmbeenmpinched moff mfrommthemcellularm
membrane.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
4. Whichmcellmcomponent mismcapablemof mcellularmautodigestionmwhenmit mismreleased mduringmc
ellminjury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgimcomplex
c. Smoothmendoplasmicmreticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS:m D
Themlysosomalmmembranemactsmasmamprotectivemshield mbetweenmthempowerfulmdigestivemenzym
esmwithinmthemlysosomemand mthemcytoplasm,mpreventingmtheirmleakagemintomthemcytoplasmicmm
atrix.mDisruptionmof mthemmembranembymvariousmtreatmentsmormcellularm injurymleadsmtomamreleas
emof mthemlysosomalmenzymes,mwhichmcanmthenmreact mwithmtheirmspecificmsubstrates,mcausingmce
llularmself-
mdigestion.mThemchief mfunctionmof mamribosomemismtomprovidemsitesmformcellularmproteinmsynthesi
s.mThemGolgimcomplexmismamnetworkmof mflattened,msmoothmvesiclesmand mmembranesmoftenmloca
ted mnearmthemcellmnucleus.mThemsmoothmendoplasmicmreticulum mism involved minmsteroid mhormon
emproductionmand mremovingmtoxicmsubstancesmfrommthemcell.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
5. WhichmcAMP-mediated mresponsemismrelated mtomantidiureticmhormone?
a. Increased mheart mratemand mforcemof mcontractio
n
b. Secretionmof mcortisol
c. Increased mretentionmof mwater
d. Breakdownmof mfat
ANS:m C
Antidiureticmhormonemleadsmtomincreased mretentionmof mwaterminmthembody.mEpinephrinemcausesmincr
easesminmheart mratemand mforcemof mcontraction.mIncreased mcortisolmsecretionmismduemtomACTH.mBreakd
ownmof mfat mismduemtomglucagon.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
6. Duringmwhichmphasemof mthemcellmcyclemismDNA msynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS:m B
, Themfourmdesignated mphasesmof mthemcellmcyclemare:m(1)mthemG1 mphasem(Gm=mgap),mwhichmis mthem
period mbetweenmthemMmphasem(Mm=mmitosis)mand mthemstart mof mDNA msynthesis;m(2)mthemSmphase
m(S
=msynthesis),mduringmwhichmDNA mismsynthesized minmthemcellmnucleus;m(3)mthemG2 mphase,mdurin
gmwhichmRNA mand mproteinmsynthesismoccurs,mthemperiod mbetweenmthemcompletionmof mDNAmsy
nthesismand mthemnext mphasem(M);mand m(4)mthemMmphase,mwhichmincludesmnuclearmand mcytoplas
micmdivision.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
7. What morganicmcompound mfacilitatesmtransportationmacrossmcellmmembranesmbymactingm
asmreceptors,mtransport mchannelsmformelectrolytes,mand menzymesmtomdrivemactivempump
s?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS:m C
Proteinsmhavemseveralmfunctions,mincludingmactingmasmreceptors,mtransport mchannelsmformelectrol
ytes,mand menzymesmtomdrivemactivempumpsmLipidsmhelpmact masmthem―glue‖ mholdingmcellmmembra
nesmtogether.mProteasesmcausemthembreakdownmof mprotein.mCarbohydratesmareminvolved minmcellul
armprotectionmand mlubricationmand mhelpmproducemenergymviamoxidativemphosphorylation.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
8. Understandingmthemvariousmstepsmof mproteolyticmcascadesmmaymbemusefulminmdesigningmdr
ugmtherapymformwhichmhumanmdiseases?
a. Cardiacmand mvascularmdisorders
b. Autoimmunemand mmalignant mdisorders
c. Gastrointestinalmand mrenalmdisorders
d. Endocrinemand mgastrointestinalmdisorders
ANS:m B
Understandingmthemvariousmstepsminvolved minmthismprocessmismcrucialmformdesigningmdrugminter
ventions.mDysregulationmof mproteasesmfeaturesmprominentlyminmmanymhumanmdiseases,mincludi
ngmcancer,mautoimmunity,mand mneurodegenerativemdisorders.mCardiac,mvascular,mgastrointesti
nal,mrenal,mand mendocrinemdisordersmdomnot minvolvemthismprocess.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
9. Whichmstructurempreventsmwater-
solublemmoleculesmfrommenteringmcellsmacrossmthemplasmam membrane?
a. Carbohydratemchains
b. Glycoproteinmchannels
c. Membranemchannelmproteins
d. Lipid mbilayer
ANS:m D
, Thembilayer’smstructuremaccountsmformonemof mthemessentialmfunctionsmof mthemplasmammembrane.
mIt mismimpermeablemtommost mwater-
solublemmoleculesm(moleculesmthat mdissolveminmwater)mbecausemthemwater-
solublemmoleculesmareminsolublem inmthemoily mcorem region.m Thembilayermservesmasmambarriermtomt
hemdiffusionmof mwatermand mhydrophilicmsubstancesmwhilemallowingmlipid-
solublemmolecules,msuchmasmoxygenm(O 2 )mand mcarbonmdioxidem(CO 2 ),mtomdiffusemthroughmit mrea
dily.
Carbohydratemchains,mglycoproteinmchannels,mand mmembranemchannelmproteinsmdomnot mpreve
nt mwater-solublemmoleculesmfrommenteringmcellsm acrossmthemcellmmembrane.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
10. A mstudent masksmformanmexplanationmof mthemabsolutemrefractorymperiod mof mthemactionmpotenti
al.mWhat mresponsembymthemprofessormismbest?
a. Amstrongermthanmnormalmimpulsemwillmevokemanothermresponse.
b. Nomstimulusmismablemtomevokemanothermresponsemat mthismtime.
c. Multiplemstimulimcanmproducemmoremrapid mactionmpotentials.
d. Themhyperpolarized mstatemmeansmamweakermstimulusmproducesmamrespons
e.
ANS:m B
Duringmthemabsolutemrefractorymstatemof mthemactionmpotential,mnomstimulusmismablemtomevokeman
othermresponsemfrommthemcell.mA mstrongermthanmnormalmimpulsemmaymgeneratemamresponseminmt
hemrelativemrefractorymperiod.mThismperiod mof mtimemismnot mrelated mtomthemnumbermof mstimuli.mA
mhyperpolarized mstatemmeansmamstrongermthanmnormalmstimulus mwould mbemneeded mtomgeneratem
amresponse.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
11. Whichmformmof mcellmcommunicationmismused mtomwithinmthemcellmitself mand mwithmothermcells
minmdirect mphysicalmcontact?
a. Proteinmchannelm(gapmjunction)
b. Plasmammembrane-bound msignalingmmolecules
c. Hormonemsecretionmsuchmasmneurotransmitters
d. Extracellularmchemicalmmessengersmsuchmasmligand
s
ANS:m B
Cellsmcommunicateminmthreemmainmways;mtheymdisplaymplasmammembrane-
bound msignalingmmoleculesmthat maffect mthemcellmitself mand mothermcellsminmdirect mphysicalmcontac
t mwithmit,mtheymaffect mreceptormproteinsminsidemthemtarget mcell,mand mtheymformmproteinmchannelsm
(gapmjunctions)mthat mdirectlymcoordinatemthemactivitiesmof madjacent mcells.mNeurotransmittersmare
mreleased mbymneuronsmand mcrossmthemsynapticmcleft mtomcommunicatemwithmthemcellsmtheyminnerv
ate.mLigandsmareminvolved minmbindingmprocesses.
DIF: CognitivemLevel:mRemembering
12. Whichmmodemof mchemicalmsignalingmusesmblood mtomtransport mcommunicationmtomcellsmso
memdistancemaway?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormonal
ANS:m D
