,DevelopmentAcross t n n
he Life Span
n n
EighthnEditionnGlob
alnEdition
Robert S. Feldman
n n
UniversitynofnMassachusetts,nAmherst
Har
low,E
ngla
nd•L
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wY ork•B os
to n•SanFran o•T
cisc o r
o nto•Syd y•D
ne uba
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pore•HongKong• n n T
o k
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aoPaulo•Me
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n
,VP,nProductnDevelopment:nDicksonnMusslewhite n Director nofnFieldnMarketing:nJonathannCottrell
Senior nAcquisitionsnEditor:nAmbernChownEditori Senior nProductnMarketing nManager:nLindsey nPrudhomme nGill
alnAssistant:nStephany nHarrington ExecutivenFieldnMarketing nManager:nKatenStewartnMarketi
Director,nContentnStrategy nandnDevelopment:nBritanNordi ngnAssistant,nFieldnMarketing:nAmy nPfundnMarketing nAssi
n stant,nProductnMarketing:nFrank nAlarconnOperationsnManag
DevelopmentnEditor:nShannonnLeMay-Finn er:nMarynFischer
Director,nProjectnManagementnServices:nLisanIarkowski OperationsnSpecialist:nCarol nMelville nAssocia
ProjectnTeam nLead:nDenisenForlownProje tenDirector nof nDesign:nBlairnBrownnInterior nD
ctnManager:nShelly nKuppermannProgram esign:nKathrynnFoot
nTeam nLead:nAmber nMackey nProgram nM Cover nArtnDirector:nMarianLange
anager:nCecilianTurner DigitalnMedianEditor:nChristopher nFegan
ProjectnManager,nGlobalnEdition:nNikhil nRakshit DigitalnMedianProjectnManager:nElissanSenra-Sargent
Senior nAcquisitionsnEditor,nGlobalnEdition: DigitalnStudio nTeam nLead:nPeggy nBliss
SandhyanGhoshal Full-ServicenProjectnManagementnandnComposition:
Senior nProjectnEditor,nGlobalnEdition:nDaniel nLuiz LuminanDatamatics,nInc.
Manager,nMedianProduction,nGlobalnEdition: Cover nillustration:njumpingsack/Shutterstock
M.nVikram nKumar Cover ndesign:nLuminanDatamatics,nInc.
Senior nManufacturing nController,nProduction,nGl
obalnEdition:nKaynHolman
Acknowledgementsnofnthirdnparty ncontentnappearnonnpagesn701–706,nwhichnconstitutesnannextensionnofnthisncopyrightnpage.
Pearson nEducationnLimitedn
Edinburgh nGate
Harlow
EssexnCM20 n2JEnEn
gland
andnAssociatednCompaniesnthroughoutnthenworldnV
isitnus non nthenWorldnWidenWebnat:
www.pearsonglobaleditions.com
©nPearson nEducation nLimitedn2018
Thenrights nofnRobertnS.nFeldmanntonbenidentifiednasnthenauthornofnthis nworknhas nbeen nassertednbynhimninnaccor-
ndancenwith nthenCopyright,nDesigns nandnPatents nActn1988.
Authorized nadaptationnfromnthenUnitednStatesnedition,nentitled nDevelopmentnAcrossnthenLifenSpan,n8th nedition,nISBNn97
8-n0-13-422589-0,nby nRobertnS.nFeldman,npublished nby nPearsonnEducationn©n2017.
Allnrights nreserved.nNonpartnofnthis npublicationnmaynbenreproduced,nstoredninnanretrievalnsystem,norntransmitte
dnin nanynformnornbynanynmeans,nelectronic,nmechanical,nphotocopying,nrecordingnornotherwise,nwithoutneithern
thenpriornwritten npermission nofnthenpublishernorna nlicensenpermittingnrestrictedncopyingninnthenUnitednKingdo
m nis-nsuednbynthenCopyrightnLicensingnAgencynLtd,nSaffron nHouse,n6–10 nKirbynStreet,nLondon nEC1Nn8TS.
Allntrademarksnusednherein narenthenpropertynofntheirnrespectivenowners.nThenusenofnanyntrademarkninnthis ntex
tndoes nnotnvestninnthenauthornornpublishernanyntrademarknownershipnrightsninnsuchntrademarks,nnorndoes nthen
usenofnsuch ntrademarks nimplynanynaffiliation nwith nornendorsementnofnthis nbooknbynsuch nowners.
ISBNn10:n1-292-15795-X
ISBNn13:n978-1-292-15795-5
British nLibrarynCataloguing-in-Publication nData
Ancataloguenrecordnfornthis nbooknis navailablenfrom nthenBritish nLibrary.
10 n n 9 n n 8 n n 7 n n 6 n n 5 n n 4 n n 3 n n 2 n n 1
14 n n 13 n n 12 n n 11 n n 10
Typesetnin nPalatinonLTnPronRomann9.5/13 nbynLuminanDatamatics,nInc.n
Printednandnboundnin nVivar,nMalaysia.
, Brief Contents
n
PART 1n Beginnings PART 5n Adolescence
1 AnnIntroductionntonLifespannDevelopm 11 PhysicalnandnCognitive
ent 21 DevelopmentninnAdolescence 376
2 ThenStartnofnLife:nPrenataln Developmen 12 SocialnandnPersonality
t 64 DevelopmentninnAdolescence 408
3 BirthnandnthenNewbornnInfant 104 PART 6n EarlynAdulthood
PART 2n Infancy:nFormingnthe
13 PhysicalnandnCognitive
FoundationsnofnLife nDevelopmentninnEarly
Adulthood 442
4 PhysicalnDevelopmentninnInfancy 134
14 SocialnandnPersonality
5 Cognitive nDevelopmentninnInfancyn 166
DevelopmentninnEarlynAdulthood 472
6 SocialnandnPersonality
DevelopmentninnInfancy 196 PART 7n MiddlenAdulthood
PART 3n ThenPreschool nYears 15 PhysicalnandnCognitivenDevelopment
innMiddlenAdulthood 504
7 PhysicalnandnCognitivenDevelopment
innthenPreschoolnYears 228 16 SocialnandnPersonalitynDevelopment
innMiddlenAdulthood 533
8 SocialnandnPersonalitynDevelopment
innthenPreschoolnYears 266 PART 8n LatenAdulthood
PART 4n ThenMiddlenChildhoodnYears 17 PhysicalnandnCognitivenDevelopment
innLatenAdulthood 562
9 PhysicalnandnCognitive nDevelopment
innMiddlenChildhood 300 18 SocialnandnPersonalitynDevelopment
innLatenAdulthood 592
10 SocialnandnPersonalitynDevelopment
innMiddlenChildhood 342 19 DeathnandnDying 622
3
he Life Span
n n
EighthnEditionnGlob
alnEdition
Robert S. Feldman
n n
UniversitynofnMassachusetts,nAmherst
Har
low,E
ngla
nd•L
o ndon•Ne
wY ork•B os
to n•SanFran o•T
cisc o r
o nto•Syd y•D
ne uba
i•S
inga
pore•HongKong• n n T
o k
yo•S
eou
l•T
aipe
i•Ne
wD
e
lh
i•CapeTown•S
aoPaulo•Me
xic
oC ity•Madrid•A
m ste
rda m•M
u n h•P
ic aris•Mila
n
,VP,nProductnDevelopment:nDicksonnMusslewhite n Director nofnFieldnMarketing:nJonathannCottrell
Senior nAcquisitionsnEditor:nAmbernChownEditori Senior nProductnMarketing nManager:nLindsey nPrudhomme nGill
alnAssistant:nStephany nHarrington ExecutivenFieldnMarketing nManager:nKatenStewartnMarketi
Director,nContentnStrategy nandnDevelopment:nBritanNordi ngnAssistant,nFieldnMarketing:nAmy nPfundnMarketing nAssi
n stant,nProductnMarketing:nFrank nAlarconnOperationsnManag
DevelopmentnEditor:nShannonnLeMay-Finn er:nMarynFischer
Director,nProjectnManagementnServices:nLisanIarkowski OperationsnSpecialist:nCarol nMelville nAssocia
ProjectnTeam nLead:nDenisenForlownProje tenDirector nof nDesign:nBlairnBrownnInterior nD
ctnManager:nShelly nKuppermannProgram esign:nKathrynnFoot
nTeam nLead:nAmber nMackey nProgram nM Cover nArtnDirector:nMarianLange
anager:nCecilianTurner DigitalnMedianEditor:nChristopher nFegan
ProjectnManager,nGlobalnEdition:nNikhil nRakshit DigitalnMedianProjectnManager:nElissanSenra-Sargent
Senior nAcquisitionsnEditor,nGlobalnEdition: DigitalnStudio nTeam nLead:nPeggy nBliss
SandhyanGhoshal Full-ServicenProjectnManagementnandnComposition:
Senior nProjectnEditor,nGlobalnEdition:nDaniel nLuiz LuminanDatamatics,nInc.
Manager,nMedianProduction,nGlobalnEdition: Cover nillustration:njumpingsack/Shutterstock
M.nVikram nKumar Cover ndesign:nLuminanDatamatics,nInc.
Senior nManufacturing nController,nProduction,nGl
obalnEdition:nKaynHolman
Acknowledgementsnofnthirdnparty ncontentnappearnonnpagesn701–706,nwhichnconstitutesnannextensionnofnthisncopyrightnpage.
Pearson nEducationnLimitedn
Edinburgh nGate
Harlow
EssexnCM20 n2JEnEn
gland
andnAssociatednCompaniesnthroughoutnthenworldnV
isitnus non nthenWorldnWidenWebnat:
www.pearsonglobaleditions.com
©nPearson nEducation nLimitedn2018
Thenrights nofnRobertnS.nFeldmanntonbenidentifiednasnthenauthornofnthis nworknhas nbeen nassertednbynhimninnaccor-
ndancenwith nthenCopyright,nDesigns nandnPatents nActn1988.
Authorized nadaptationnfromnthenUnitednStatesnedition,nentitled nDevelopmentnAcrossnthenLifenSpan,n8th nedition,nISBNn97
8-n0-13-422589-0,nby nRobertnS.nFeldman,npublished nby nPearsonnEducationn©n2017.
Allnrights nreserved.nNonpartnofnthis npublicationnmaynbenreproduced,nstoredninnanretrievalnsystem,norntransmitte
dnin nanynformnornbynanynmeans,nelectronic,nmechanical,nphotocopying,nrecordingnornotherwise,nwithoutneithern
thenpriornwritten npermission nofnthenpublishernorna nlicensenpermittingnrestrictedncopyingninnthenUnitednKingdo
m nis-nsuednbynthenCopyrightnLicensingnAgencynLtd,nSaffron nHouse,n6–10 nKirbynStreet,nLondon nEC1Nn8TS.
Allntrademarksnusednherein narenthenpropertynofntheirnrespectivenowners.nThenusenofnanyntrademarkninnthis ntex
tndoes nnotnvestninnthenauthornornpublishernanyntrademarknownershipnrightsninnsuchntrademarks,nnorndoes nthen
usenofnsuch ntrademarks nimplynanynaffiliation nwith nornendorsementnofnthis nbooknbynsuch nowners.
ISBNn10:n1-292-15795-X
ISBNn13:n978-1-292-15795-5
British nLibrarynCataloguing-in-Publication nData
Ancataloguenrecordnfornthis nbooknis navailablenfrom nthenBritish nLibrary.
10 n n 9 n n 8 n n 7 n n 6 n n 5 n n 4 n n 3 n n 2 n n 1
14 n n 13 n n 12 n n 11 n n 10
Typesetnin nPalatinonLTnPronRomann9.5/13 nbynLuminanDatamatics,nInc.n
Printednandnboundnin nVivar,nMalaysia.
, Brief Contents
n
PART 1n Beginnings PART 5n Adolescence
1 AnnIntroductionntonLifespannDevelopm 11 PhysicalnandnCognitive
ent 21 DevelopmentninnAdolescence 376
2 ThenStartnofnLife:nPrenataln Developmen 12 SocialnandnPersonality
t 64 DevelopmentninnAdolescence 408
3 BirthnandnthenNewbornnInfant 104 PART 6n EarlynAdulthood
PART 2n Infancy:nFormingnthe
13 PhysicalnandnCognitive
FoundationsnofnLife nDevelopmentninnEarly
Adulthood 442
4 PhysicalnDevelopmentninnInfancy 134
14 SocialnandnPersonality
5 Cognitive nDevelopmentninnInfancyn 166
DevelopmentninnEarlynAdulthood 472
6 SocialnandnPersonality
DevelopmentninnInfancy 196 PART 7n MiddlenAdulthood
PART 3n ThenPreschool nYears 15 PhysicalnandnCognitivenDevelopment
innMiddlenAdulthood 504
7 PhysicalnandnCognitivenDevelopment
innthenPreschoolnYears 228 16 SocialnandnPersonalitynDevelopment
innMiddlenAdulthood 533
8 SocialnandnPersonalitynDevelopment
innthenPreschoolnYears 266 PART 8n LatenAdulthood
PART 4n ThenMiddlenChildhoodnYears 17 PhysicalnandnCognitivenDevelopment
innLatenAdulthood 562
9 PhysicalnandnCognitive nDevelopment
innMiddlenChildhood 300 18 SocialnandnPersonalitynDevelopment
innLatenAdulthood 592
10 SocialnandnPersonalitynDevelopment
innMiddlenChildhood 342 19 DeathnandnDying 622
3
