2025 FUNDAMENTALS OF KINESIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
Metaphysics - Literally meaning "beyond physics", helps us distinguish one thing from
another, often by using description, comes from Aristotle
Epistemology - What do we know and to what degree can the things we think we know
be true?
Epistemology (Rationalism) - Reason is the primary source of knowledge and that, as
such, it is an innate human quality. What one knows is what one is able to clearly
reason.
Epistemology (Empiricism) - Doubt that a person can rely only on what can be
measured, observed, and verified through the senses or through the use of precise
measurement devices.
Axiology - Examinations about the value of things. "What is a meaningful life?" "How
does physical activity help contribute to a good life?" "Is sport art?"
Axiology (Intrinsic value) - Concerned with the value of something in and of itself
Axiology (extrinsic value) - Best thought of an a means to and end
Ethics - Considers issues of right an wrong actions, guidelines that impact our behavior,
the code of ethics in our jobs or professional settings, and personal and professional
obligation to others
Aesthetics - Studies the nature of beauty, taste, and art, and how people appreciate
them
Ethics (Deontology) - Follow the rules
Ethics (Utilitarianism) - The greater good (pleasures) for greatest number
Ethics (Virtue ethics) - Character; "We become what we practice"
Types of Philosophical Reasoning - Inductive, deductive, and descriptive/intuitive
reasoning
Inductive Reasoning - From specific examples to general claims
Deductive Reasoning - From general claims to specific examples
Descriptive/Intuitive Reasoning - Description of attributes from a single instance
,What are the 2 key concepts for understanding sociological approach? - Social
Construction and Contested Activities
Social Construction - Sports are created by individuals as they interact with one another
under a particular set of social structural conditions
Contested Activities - Has two distinct meanings.
A.) the outcomes of sporting events are literally decided on the field of play
B.) that people struggle over the ways in which sports are organized and carried out in
society
4 Norms of Sport Ethic - 1. Making sacrifices for the game
2. Striving for distinction
3. Accepting risks and playing through pain
4. Refusing to accept limits
Under-conformity to Sport Ethic - Rejects societal norms. Ex: Recreational drug use to
get high
Over-conformity to Sport Ethic - Accepting risk/making sacrifices to adhere to norms of
sport ethics. Ex: Use of growth hormone to speed up recovery, to gain mass, etc.
Situated Learning - The social and contextual nature of knowledge acquisition
Authentic Learning - Knowledge gained by learning from doing, from others, and
learning in context.
What is Sport Sociology defined as? - The scientific investigation of relationships, social
interactions, and culture that are created, maintained, changed, and contested in and
through sports
Sport as a Social Institution - The basis of a person's social identity
What specific program has been used to decrease crime and provide opportunities for
at risk youth in urban areas? - Midnight Basketball
What is Exercise Physiology? - The study of the function of the body under the stress of
acute and chronic exercise
Chronic Stress - A length of time over which changes take place in different
physiological systems during exercise training
Acute Stress - The term acute refers to the performance of a single bout of exercise
What is hemodynamics? - Refers to the circulation of blood
, Aerobic - Require oxygen with ATP
Anaerobic - Do not require the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxygen
What is the metabolic continuum? - Illustrates physical activity as energetic events
What is the hemodynamic continuum? - The degree to which an activity promotes blood
movement and the amount of blood pressure produced by the activity are important
considerations when attempting to understand acute responses
What is energy? - the ability to perform work
What are the 3 forms of energy within the body? (know examples) - Chemical- Skeletal
and heart muscle contraction
Electrical- nerve conduction
Thermal- Maintenance of body temperature
What is ATP? - Adenosine Triphosphate. Referred to as the energy currency of the cell
Exergonic - Energy releasing
Endergonic - Energy trapping
What is metabolism? - The sum of the chemical processes that convert energy from
indirect sources to the source that can be used directly to do muscular activity.
Catabolic - Catabolism the process of breaking down large energy nutrient molecules
into their smaller constituent building blocks.
Anabolic - Anabolism is the process whereby smaller biomolecules are built up to larger
biomolecules
Anaerobic Production of ATP - Production of ATP without oxygen
- Release of energy from ATP upon breakdown causes muscle fibers to shorten
- Capable of supplying ATP rapidly and higher capacity, but less powerful than
phosphagen system
- Limited in sustaining ATP production by lactic acid
Which energy system is the primary ATP source for specific activities/events/exercises?
(Anaerobic) - The phosphagen system is the first and simplest anaerobic metabolic
pathway
What is the rate of ATP production (Anaerobic)? (slow, fast, or in the middle) - Because
anaerobic activities are highly intense, they require a very rapid re-supply of ATP for the
rate of muscle contraction.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
Metaphysics - Literally meaning "beyond physics", helps us distinguish one thing from
another, often by using description, comes from Aristotle
Epistemology - What do we know and to what degree can the things we think we know
be true?
Epistemology (Rationalism) - Reason is the primary source of knowledge and that, as
such, it is an innate human quality. What one knows is what one is able to clearly
reason.
Epistemology (Empiricism) - Doubt that a person can rely only on what can be
measured, observed, and verified through the senses or through the use of precise
measurement devices.
Axiology - Examinations about the value of things. "What is a meaningful life?" "How
does physical activity help contribute to a good life?" "Is sport art?"
Axiology (Intrinsic value) - Concerned with the value of something in and of itself
Axiology (extrinsic value) - Best thought of an a means to and end
Ethics - Considers issues of right an wrong actions, guidelines that impact our behavior,
the code of ethics in our jobs or professional settings, and personal and professional
obligation to others
Aesthetics - Studies the nature of beauty, taste, and art, and how people appreciate
them
Ethics (Deontology) - Follow the rules
Ethics (Utilitarianism) - The greater good (pleasures) for greatest number
Ethics (Virtue ethics) - Character; "We become what we practice"
Types of Philosophical Reasoning - Inductive, deductive, and descriptive/intuitive
reasoning
Inductive Reasoning - From specific examples to general claims
Deductive Reasoning - From general claims to specific examples
Descriptive/Intuitive Reasoning - Description of attributes from a single instance
,What are the 2 key concepts for understanding sociological approach? - Social
Construction and Contested Activities
Social Construction - Sports are created by individuals as they interact with one another
under a particular set of social structural conditions
Contested Activities - Has two distinct meanings.
A.) the outcomes of sporting events are literally decided on the field of play
B.) that people struggle over the ways in which sports are organized and carried out in
society
4 Norms of Sport Ethic - 1. Making sacrifices for the game
2. Striving for distinction
3. Accepting risks and playing through pain
4. Refusing to accept limits
Under-conformity to Sport Ethic - Rejects societal norms. Ex: Recreational drug use to
get high
Over-conformity to Sport Ethic - Accepting risk/making sacrifices to adhere to norms of
sport ethics. Ex: Use of growth hormone to speed up recovery, to gain mass, etc.
Situated Learning - The social and contextual nature of knowledge acquisition
Authentic Learning - Knowledge gained by learning from doing, from others, and
learning in context.
What is Sport Sociology defined as? - The scientific investigation of relationships, social
interactions, and culture that are created, maintained, changed, and contested in and
through sports
Sport as a Social Institution - The basis of a person's social identity
What specific program has been used to decrease crime and provide opportunities for
at risk youth in urban areas? - Midnight Basketball
What is Exercise Physiology? - The study of the function of the body under the stress of
acute and chronic exercise
Chronic Stress - A length of time over which changes take place in different
physiological systems during exercise training
Acute Stress - The term acute refers to the performance of a single bout of exercise
What is hemodynamics? - Refers to the circulation of blood
, Aerobic - Require oxygen with ATP
Anaerobic - Do not require the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxygen
What is the metabolic continuum? - Illustrates physical activity as energetic events
What is the hemodynamic continuum? - The degree to which an activity promotes blood
movement and the amount of blood pressure produced by the activity are important
considerations when attempting to understand acute responses
What is energy? - the ability to perform work
What are the 3 forms of energy within the body? (know examples) - Chemical- Skeletal
and heart muscle contraction
Electrical- nerve conduction
Thermal- Maintenance of body temperature
What is ATP? - Adenosine Triphosphate. Referred to as the energy currency of the cell
Exergonic - Energy releasing
Endergonic - Energy trapping
What is metabolism? - The sum of the chemical processes that convert energy from
indirect sources to the source that can be used directly to do muscular activity.
Catabolic - Catabolism the process of breaking down large energy nutrient molecules
into their smaller constituent building blocks.
Anabolic - Anabolism is the process whereby smaller biomolecules are built up to larger
biomolecules
Anaerobic Production of ATP - Production of ATP without oxygen
- Release of energy from ATP upon breakdown causes muscle fibers to shorten
- Capable of supplying ATP rapidly and higher capacity, but less powerful than
phosphagen system
- Limited in sustaining ATP production by lactic acid
Which energy system is the primary ATP source for specific activities/events/exercises?
(Anaerobic) - The phosphagen system is the first and simplest anaerobic metabolic
pathway
What is the rate of ATP production (Anaerobic)? (slow, fast, or in the middle) - Because
anaerobic activities are highly intense, they require a very rapid re-supply of ATP for the
rate of muscle contraction.
