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5.0
MBG 4020 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY
GRADED A+
Quiz: 1) For selection, what do we do if there is more than one trait
2) Describe value 1
Ans: 1) -assign overall value to each trait
-combine traits into single EBV
2) aka selection index weight
-assign percentages (if (and only if) all traits have same scale and range)
-adjust for variability and average EBV
Quiz: Describe assigning selection index weights
Ans: -scale by genetic variation
-step one: assign relative emphasis (%)
-step 2: divide by additive genetic standard deviation
-step 3: subtract average EBV from EBV (only if EBVs don't have the default
average of 0)
Quiz: What is the goal with QTL detection?
Ans: to find a polymorphism in the genome that is associated with a distinct
difference in phenotype
-the concept is simple but the execution can get complicated
Quiz: What are the QTL detection steps?
Ans: -find a marker or many markers
,-genotype a 'population' for the marker (s)
-use statistics to associate marker genotypes with differences in phenotypes
-test on another population (if possible)
Quiz: Describe molecular genetic markers: generating genotypes
Ans: -need polymorphisms (alleles) within the region of the genome that is
of interest
-molecular genetic tools used to find these polymorphisms
Quiz: 1) Describe QTL detection-genotyping
2) Elaborate on individual locus genotyping
3) Elaborate on how most QTL are discovered using markers
Ans: 1) -individual locus genotyping
-most QTL are discovered using markers
2) -A and a are now marker alleles at a marker locus
-M and m for marker loci
-Q and q for the QTL
3) -usually an 'unimportant' polymorphism
-normally don't genotype the QTL itself
Quiz: Describe high density marker panels
Ans: -repeat 50,000, 100,000, 500,000 or 1,000,000 times
-photo etch a glass slide, build Velcro tags
-tags to 'grab' matching canine DNA
-grabbed DNA lights up spots=genotype
Quiz: Describe 'back in the day': genotyping individuals by PCR
Examstudy - Stuvia US
,Ans: difference in DNA sequence
-restriction endonuclease cleaves DNA at a specific sequences
-differences coded as alleles
Quiz: Describe QTL detection
Ans: -all methods come down to comparing individuals with MM to
individuals with mm (if the QTL and marker are linked, comparing MM
and mm is equivalent to comparing QQ to qq)
Quiz: 1) What are the main factors affecting QTL detection?
2) Elaborate on inheritance
3) Elaborate on population design
Ans: 1) -inheritance
-population design
2) -crosses of divergent lines (look for a multi-modal distribution)
-offspring-parent resemblance (deviation from parent average)
-segregation analysis (expected inheritance using pedigree)
3) -inbred line cross
-outbred population
Quiz: Describe QTL detection: outbred populations
Ans: -selective genotyping
-genotype low and high groups and do a simple association test between
phenotype and genotype
-increases likelihood of detection, biases estimate of effect
Quiz: For QTL detection, use?
Examstudy - Stuvia US
, Ans: linkage
Quiz: If you have multiple markers, and want to predict inheritance of
QTL, use?
Ans: recombination frequency
Quiz: Describe the marker assisted selection hybrid model
Ans: -using the marker genotype to select individuals with the best linked
QTL allele
-the marker genotype assists in the selection of individuals with the best QTL
genotype
Quiz: 1) When do we want to use MAS?
2) Why do we want to use MAS?
Ans: 1) -traits of low heritability
-sex-limited traits
-traits that require sacrificing the animal (carcass)
-traits expressed later in life
2) increase genetic progress
-intensity
-accuracy (A vs E)
-variation
-time
Quiz: 1) How well does MAS work?
2) Elaborate on results varying
Examstudy - Stuvia US
In today's fast-paced educational landscape, students need reliable resources to excel in their studies.
5.0
MBG 4020 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY
GRADED A+
Quiz: 1) For selection, what do we do if there is more than one trait
2) Describe value 1
Ans: 1) -assign overall value to each trait
-combine traits into single EBV
2) aka selection index weight
-assign percentages (if (and only if) all traits have same scale and range)
-adjust for variability and average EBV
Quiz: Describe assigning selection index weights
Ans: -scale by genetic variation
-step one: assign relative emphasis (%)
-step 2: divide by additive genetic standard deviation
-step 3: subtract average EBV from EBV (only if EBVs don't have the default
average of 0)
Quiz: What is the goal with QTL detection?
Ans: to find a polymorphism in the genome that is associated with a distinct
difference in phenotype
-the concept is simple but the execution can get complicated
Quiz: What are the QTL detection steps?
Ans: -find a marker or many markers
,-genotype a 'population' for the marker (s)
-use statistics to associate marker genotypes with differences in phenotypes
-test on another population (if possible)
Quiz: Describe molecular genetic markers: generating genotypes
Ans: -need polymorphisms (alleles) within the region of the genome that is
of interest
-molecular genetic tools used to find these polymorphisms
Quiz: 1) Describe QTL detection-genotyping
2) Elaborate on individual locus genotyping
3) Elaborate on how most QTL are discovered using markers
Ans: 1) -individual locus genotyping
-most QTL are discovered using markers
2) -A and a are now marker alleles at a marker locus
-M and m for marker loci
-Q and q for the QTL
3) -usually an 'unimportant' polymorphism
-normally don't genotype the QTL itself
Quiz: Describe high density marker panels
Ans: -repeat 50,000, 100,000, 500,000 or 1,000,000 times
-photo etch a glass slide, build Velcro tags
-tags to 'grab' matching canine DNA
-grabbed DNA lights up spots=genotype
Quiz: Describe 'back in the day': genotyping individuals by PCR
Examstudy - Stuvia US
,Ans: difference in DNA sequence
-restriction endonuclease cleaves DNA at a specific sequences
-differences coded as alleles
Quiz: Describe QTL detection
Ans: -all methods come down to comparing individuals with MM to
individuals with mm (if the QTL and marker are linked, comparing MM
and mm is equivalent to comparing QQ to qq)
Quiz: 1) What are the main factors affecting QTL detection?
2) Elaborate on inheritance
3) Elaborate on population design
Ans: 1) -inheritance
-population design
2) -crosses of divergent lines (look for a multi-modal distribution)
-offspring-parent resemblance (deviation from parent average)
-segregation analysis (expected inheritance using pedigree)
3) -inbred line cross
-outbred population
Quiz: Describe QTL detection: outbred populations
Ans: -selective genotyping
-genotype low and high groups and do a simple association test between
phenotype and genotype
-increases likelihood of detection, biases estimate of effect
Quiz: For QTL detection, use?
Examstudy - Stuvia US
, Ans: linkage
Quiz: If you have multiple markers, and want to predict inheritance of
QTL, use?
Ans: recombination frequency
Quiz: Describe the marker assisted selection hybrid model
Ans: -using the marker genotype to select individuals with the best linked
QTL allele
-the marker genotype assists in the selection of individuals with the best QTL
genotype
Quiz: 1) When do we want to use MAS?
2) Why do we want to use MAS?
Ans: 1) -traits of low heritability
-sex-limited traits
-traits that require sacrificing the animal (carcass)
-traits expressed later in life
2) increase genetic progress
-intensity
-accuracy (A vs E)
-variation
-time
Quiz: 1) How well does MAS work?
2) Elaborate on results varying
Examstudy - Stuvia US
