Chemistry

www.Padasalai.Net www.Trb Tnpsc.Com
TH
12 CHEMISTRY  USES/APPLICTIONS SS PRITHVI 2024-202

GETTING IN:

On analysis, uses and applications questions are asked in 2m or 3m sections or comb
as 3m qn in 5 marks section.
According to official key answer, only 3 points are enough.
Sometimes it may be asked in 1 mark section.
Here, important applications/uses are given bolded.

 good conductor of electricity and heat
Aluminium
 resists corrosion. Used in: heat exchangers/sinks
 wraps, packing materials for food
 Al alloys are light weight and strong




et
 Airplanes, chemical reactors, refrigeration units, gas pipelines
 Electrical overhead electric cables with steel core.




i.N
 galvanizing metals
 To produce die-castings in automobile, electrical and hardware industries.
Zinc  Zinc oxide paints, rubber, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, plastics, inks, batt



la
textiles and electrical equipment.
 Zinc sulphideluminous paints, fluorescent lights and x-ray screens.
sa
 Brass-alloy of zinc : water valves and communication equipment

 Iron alloyselectricity pylons, rifle barrels.
da

 Cast ironpipes pumps, stoves, Magnets
Iron (Fe)  stainless steel resistant to corrosion architecture, bearings, cutlery, surgi
instruments,
Pa


 Nickel steel cables, automobiles, airplane parts.
 Chrome steels cutting tools, crushing machines
w.




Copper(Cu)  Coins, ornaments, wires, water pipes, electrical parts.

Gold (Au)  Coinage, Jewellery with copper.
ww




 Electroplating  in watches, artificial limb joints, dental fillings.
 Gold nanoparticles increase efficiency of solar cells & catalysts.

Boron:  Boron capacity to absorb neutrons.
 10 B 5 moderators in nuclear reactors.
 Amorphous boronrocket fuel igniter
 cell walls of plants
 Eye drops, antiseptics, washing powders contains boric acid and borax.
 Pyrex glassboric oxide.


Borax
[Na2B4O7.10H2O]:  Identification of coloured metal ions
 optical and borosilicate glass
 enamels, flux and preservative
 glazespottery

, www.Padasalai.Net www.Trb Tnpsc.Com
TH
12 CHEMISTRY  USES/APPLICTIONS SS PRITHVI 2024-202

Boric acid [H3BO3 or  pottery glases
B(OH)3]:  enamels & pigments
 antiseptic,eye lotion, food preservative
Diborane
 high energy fuel for propellant
 reducing agent
 welding torches
Aluminium chloride:
 Anh. AlCl3catalyst in Friedel Crafts rxn.
 Manufacture of petrol
 Catalyst in the manufacture of dyes, drugs,perfumes

Alum:  Purification, Paper
 water proofing, textiles dyeing, leather tanning
 As a styptic agent arrest bleeding
Carbon monoxide
 Mixture of  CO & H2 - water gas




et
CO & nitrogen - producer gas
 Reducing agent




i.N
 It’s ligand  forms carbonyl compound with transition metals

CO2  To produce an inert atomosphere for chemical processing
 Photosynthesis, fire extinguisher, propellent.
 carbonated beverages & foam

Silicon tetrachloride
la
 production of semiconducting silicon
 starting material in the synthesis of silica gel, silicic esters.
sa
 As a Binder for ceramic materials.

Silicones  low temperature lubrication, water proofing clothes
da

 vacuum pumps, high temperature oil baths
 as insulating material
 Mixed with paints and enamels to make them more resistant
Nitrogen  Manufacturing ammonia, nitric acid and calcium cyanamide.
Pa


 Liquid nitrogen for producing low temperature required in cryosurgery
 In biological preservation
Nitric acid (HNO3)
 Oxidizing agent and in the preparation of aquaregia
w.




 Salts of nitric acid photography (AgNO3 )
gunpowder for firearms. (NaNO3 )
Phosphorus
 Red phosphorus  match boxes
ww




 Production of alloys such as phosphor bronze
Phosphine
 Producing smoke screen gives large smoke.
 HOLMES SIGNAL: In a ship, a pierced container with mixture of calcium carb
and calcium phosphide, liberates phosphine and acetylene when thrown into s
The liberated phosphine catches fire and ignites acetylene. These burning gase
serves as a signal to the approaching ships.

Phosphorus  Chlorinating agent
Trichloride  Preparation of H3 PO3 .
Phosphorus  Chlorinating agent
pentachloride  For replacing hydroxyl groups by chlorine atom.
Oxygen
 Survival of living organisms.
 Welding (oxyacetylene welding)
 Liquid oxygen fuel in rockets
Sulphur dioxide

 Bleaching hair, silk, wool. Disinfecting crops and plants