Test Bank for Nester-s Microbiology A Human Perspective 2024 Release by Denise Anderson 2.pdf

Test Bank For Microbiology: The Human Experience 2nd E
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dition By John W Foster, Zarrintaj Aliabadi, Joan L Sloncze
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Whatfisfthefconceptfoffspontaneousfgeneration?f-
fANSWERffflivingf organismsf couldfdevelopffromfnonlivingf orfdecomposingfmatter




Whofchallengedfthefconceptfoffspontaneousfgenerationfbyfshowingfthatfmaggotsfonfdec
ayingfmeatfcameffromfflies,fnotffromfthefmeatfitself?f-fANSWERfffFrancescofRedi

Whofshowedfthatfmuttonfbrothfboiledfinfflasksfandfthenfsealedfcouldfstillfdevelopfmicroor
ganisms,fwhichfsupportedftheftheoryfoffspontaneousfgeneration?f-
fANSWERfffJohnf Needham




Whofshowedfthatfflasksfsealedfandfthenfboiledfhadfnofgrowthfoffmicroorganisms?f-
fANSWERfffLazzarofSpallanzani




Whofproposedfthatfairfcarriedfgerms?f-fANSWERfffSpallanzani

Whofdisprovedftheftheoryfoffspontaneousfgeneration?f-fANSWERfffLouisfPasteur

Whofdemonstratedfthatfdustfcarriedfmicrobesfandfprovedfevidencefforfthefexistencefoffh
eat-fresistantfformsfoffbacteria?f-fANSWERfffJohnfTyndall

Whofshowedfthatfafsilkwormfdiseasefwasfcausedfbyfaffungus?f-
fANSWERfffAgostinof Bassi




WhofdemonstratedfthatfthefGreatfPotatofBlightfwasfcausedfbyfafwaterfmold?f-
fANSWERfff M.f J.fBerkely




Whofshowedfthatfthefpebrinefdiseasefoffsilkwormsfwasfcausedfbyfafprotozoanfparasite?f
-fANSWERfffLouisfPasteur

Whofdevelopedfafsystemfoffsurgeryfdesignedftofpreventfmicroorganismsffromfenteringfw
ounds?f-fANSWERfffJohnfLister

Whoftransformedfthefpracticefoffsurgery?f-fANSWERfffJohnfLister

WhofestablishedfthefrelationshipfbetweenfBacillusfanthracisfandfanthrax?f-
fANSWERfffRobertf Koch




WhatfarefthefKochfPostulates?f-
fANSWERfff1.Thefmicroorganismsfmustfbef presentf inf everyf casef offthefdiseasefbutfabsen

tffromfhealthyfindividualsf
2.Thefsuspectedfmicroorganismsfmustfbefisolatedfandfgrownfinfpurefculturef

,3.fThefsamefdiseasefmustfresultfwhenfthefisolatedfmicroorganismfisfinoculatedfintofafhea
lthyfhostf
4.fThefsamefmicroorganismfmustfbefisolatedfagainffromfthefdiseasedfhost

LimitationsfoffKoch'sfPostulatesf-fANSWERfff-
Someforganismsfcannotfbefgrownfinfpurefculture
-Usingfhumansfinfcompletingfthefpostulatesfisfunethical
-Molecularfandfgeneticfevidencefmayfreplace

WhatfvaccinationfdidfEdwardfJennerfmake?f-fANSWERfffsmallpoxfvaccination

WhatfvaccinationsfdidfPasteurfproduce?f-
fANSWERfffchickenf cholera,f rabiesfandfanthrax




Whofinducedfformationfoffdippedftoxin-antitoxinsfrabbitsf-
fANSWERfffEmilf vonf Behringf andfShibasaburofKitasato




Whofshowedfthatfthefsilkwormfdiseasefwasfcausedfbyffungus?f-fANSWERfffBassi

WhofdemonstratedfthatfthefGreatfPotatofBlightfoffIrelandfwasfcausedfbyfafwaterfmold?f-
fANSWERfff M.J.fBerkeley




Whofshowedfthatfthefperbrinefdiseasefoffsilkwormsfwasfcausedfbyfafprotozoanfparasite?
f -fANSWERfffLouisf Pasteur




Afsimplefmorphologyfandflackfaftruefmembrane-delimitedfnucleusf-
fANSWERfffprokaryotes




Whatfisfafmorphologicallyfcomplexfandfhasfafmembrane-enclosedfnucleus?f-
fANSWERfffEucaryotes




Whatfletftofthefdiscoveryfoffvirusesfasfdiseasefcausingfagents?f-
fANSWERfffbacterialffilterfthatf removedfbacteriaf andf largerfmicrobesf(Charlesf Chamberl

and)

Theffivefkingdomfclassificationfschemefisf-
fANSWERfffthef MoneraforfProcaryotae,f Protista,f Fungi,f Animalia,fandfPlantae




Whatfarefribozymes?f-
fANSWERfffRNAfmoleculesf thatfformf peptidefbondsfandfperformf cellularf workf andf replica

tion

Thefthreefdomainfschemefisf-fANSWERfffBacteria,fArchaea,fandfEucarya

Thefthreefdomainfschemefisfbasedfon?f-fANSWERfffafcomparaisonfoffribosomalfRNA

Thefearliestfcellsfmayfhavefbeenf-fANSWERfffRNAfsurroundedfbyfliposomes

Whatfarefthefthreefbacterialfmorphology?f-fANSWERfff-bacillusf(littlefrod)
-coccusf(grainforfberry)

,-spirillumf(coiledforfhelical)

Whatfareftheftypesfofflightfmicroscopes?f-fANSWERfff-bright-fieldfmicroscope
-dark-fieldfmicroscope
-phase-contrastfmicroscope
-fluorescencefmicroscopes

Whatfisfafmeasurefoffhowfgreatlyfafsubstancefslowsfthefvelocityfofflight?f-
fANSWERfffRefractivef index




Thefdirectionfandfmagnitudefoffbendingflightfinfafmicroscopefisfdeterminedfbyfthef_____f-
fANSWERfff refractivef indexesf offthef twof mediafformingf thef interface




Whichfmicroscopefproducesfafdarkfimagefagainstfafbrighterfbackground?f-
fANSWERfffthefbright-fieldfmicroscope




Whatfisfthefproductfoffthefmagnificationsfoffthefocularflensfandfthefobjectiveflens?f-
fANSWERfffthef totalfmagnification




Whatfisftheftotalfmagnificationfoffthefbrightffield,fdarkffield,fandfphase-
contrastfmicroscopes?f-fANSWERfff2000x

Whatfisftheftotalfresolutionfoffthefbrightffield,fdarkffield,fandfphasefcontrastfmicroscopes?f
-fANSWERfff0.2um

Whatfisfthefpurposefoffthefbrightffieldfmicroscope?f-
fANSWERfffforf livef andfpreservedf stainedf specimens




Whatfisfthefpurposefoffthefdarkffieldfmicroscope?f-
fANSWERffftofobservef living,f unstainedfpreparations




Whichfmicroscopesfarefgoodfforfobservingflivingfcells?f-fANSWERfff-
ThefDifferentialfInterferencefContrastfMicroscope
-Phase-contrastfmicroscope

Whichfmicroscopefenhancesfthefcontrastfbetweenfintracellularfstructuresfhavingfslightfd
ifferencesfinfthefrefractivefindex?f-fANSWERfffphase-contrastfmicroscope

Whichfmicroscopefshowsfafbrightfimagefoffthefobjectfresultingffromftheffluorescentflightfe
mittedfbyfthefspecimen?f-fANSWERffftheffluorescencefmicroscope

Theffluorescencefmicroscopefexposesfthefspecimenftofwhatftypesfofflight?f-
fANSWERfffuv,f violet,f orfblue




Thefdistancefbetweenfthefcenterfofftheflensfandffocalfpoint?f-fANSWERffffocalflength

Thefshorterftheffocalfpoint,fthef______fthefmagnificationf-fANSWERfffgreater

Thefshorterfthefwavelength,fthef______fthefresolutionf-fANSWERfffgreater

, Thefdistancefbetweenftheffrontfsurfacefofflensfandfsurfacefoffcoverfglassfonfspecimenf-
fANSWERfffWorkingfdistance




Asfthefworkingfdistancefdecrease,ftheffieldfoffviewf_____f-fANSWERfffdecrease

Asftheffieldfoffviewfdecrease,ftheflightfgetsf____f-fANSWERfffdimmer

Whatfisfthefpurposefoffaddingfthefimmersionfoil?f-
fANSWERffftofobtainfmoref lightfbyfprovidingf thefsamefrefractionfenergyf asf glass




Asfthefmagnificationfincreases,fwhatfhappensftoftheffocalflength?f-
fANSWERfffitfdecrease




Whatfisfthefchargefoffafbacteriafcellfsurface?f-fANSWERfffnegativefcharge

Whatfisfthefchargefoffbasicfdyes?f-fANSWERfffpositivefcharge

Whatfisfthefchargefoffacidfdyes?f-fANSWERfffnegativefcharge

Afthin,funiformffilmfoffbacterialfgrowthfonfafglassfslidefinforderftofproceedfwithffurtherfstain
ingfforfmicroscopicfexaminationf-fANSWERfffsmear

Thefprocessfbyfwhichforganismfisfkilledfandffirmlyfattachedftofmicroscopefslidef-
fANSWERffffixation




Heatffixationfvs.fChemicalffixingf(notfthefprocedure)f-fANSWERfff-
heatffixationfpreservesfoverallfshapefbutfnotfinternalfstructures
-
chemicalffixingfprotectsffinefcellularfstructurefandfshapefofflarger,fmorefdelicateforganis
ms

Whatfinformationfdoesfdifferentialfstainingfprovide?f-
fANSWERfffdividesfmicroorganismsf intof groupsfbasedf onf theirf stainingfproperties




Whatfisfthefmostfwidelyfusedfdifferentialfstainingfprocedure?f-fANSWERfffgramfstaining

Negativefstainingf-fANSWERfffthefbacteriafisfnotfstained;fthefbackgroundfisfstained

Whatfisfshadowingfinfelectronfmicroscopy?f-
fANSWERfffcoatingf specimenf withfaf thinffilmf offheavyf metal




WhatfisftheftotalfmagnificationfoffthefTransmissionfElectronfMicroscopefandfthefScannin
gfElectronfMicroscope?f-fANSWERfff1,000,000x

WhatfisftheftotalfmagnificationfoffthefScanningfElectronfMicroscope?f-
fANSWERfff1,000,000x




Whichfmicroscopefusesfelectronsfreflectedffromfthefsurfacefoffafspecimenftofcreatefanfi
mage?f-fANSWERfffscanningfelectronfmicroscope