APb–USHISTORY-DOIDGE o Theyblivedbinbadobebhousesb(driedbmud)bandbpueblosb("villages"bin
Spanish).bPueblosbarebvillagesbofbcubiclebshapedbadobebhouses,bst
Chapterb01b-bNewbWorldbBeginnings acked
onebonbtopbthebotherbandboftenbbeneathbcliffs.b
o Theybhadbelaboratebirrigationbsystemsbtobdrawbwaterbawaybfrombrive
I.bThebShapingbofbNorthbAmericab rsbtobgrownbcorn.b
3. MoundbBuildersb
1. Recordedbhistorybbeganb6,000byearsbago.bItbwasb500byearsbagobthatbEuropea o Thesebpeoplebbuiltbhugebceremonialbandbburialbmoundsbandbwerebl
nsbsetbfootbonbthebAmericasbtobbeginbcolonizationb ocatedbinbthebOhiobValley.b
2. ThebtheorybofbPangaeabexistsbsuggestingbthatbthe o Cahokia,bnearbEastbSt.bLouisbtoday,bheldb40,000bpeople.b
continentsbwereboncebnestledbtogetherbintobonebmega-continent.bThey 4. EasternbIndiansb
thenbspreadboutbasbdriftingbislands.b o EasternbIndiansbgrewbcorn,bbeans,bandbsquashbinbthreebsisterbfarm
3. GeologicbforcesbofbcontinentalbplatesbcreatedbthebAppalachianbandbRockybMo ing:b
untains.b ▪ Cornbgrewbinbabstalkbprovidingbabtrellisbforbbeans,bbeansbgre
4. ThebGreatbIcebAgebthrustbdownboverbNorthbAmericab&bscouredbthebpresentbda wbup
ybAmericanbMidwest.b thebstalk,bsquash'sbbroadbleavesbkeptbthebsunboffbthebgro
undbandbthus
keptbthebmoisturebinbthebsoil.b
II.bPeoplingbthebAmericasb
▪ Thisbgroupblikelybhadbthebbestb(mostbdiverse)bdietbofballbNorth
bAmericanbIndiansbandbisbtypifiedbbybthebCherokee,bCree
1. ThebLandbBridgebtheory.b k,bChoctawb(South)bandbIroquoisb(North).b
o AsbthebGreatbIcebAgebdiminished,bsobdidbthebglaciersboverbNorthbA 5. IroquoisbConfederationb
merica.b o Hiawathabwasbtheblegendarybleaderbofbthebgroup.b
o ThebtheorybholdsbthatbabLandbBridgebemerged o ThebIroquoisbConfederationbwasbabgroupbofb5btribesbinbNewbYorkbst
linkingbAsiab&bNorthbAmericabacrossbwhatbisbnowbknownbasbthebBer ate.b
ing o Theybwerebmatrilinealbasbauthoritybandbpossessionsbpassedbdownbt
Sea.bPeoplebwerebsaidbtobhavebwalkedbacrossbtheb"bridge"bbeforebt hroughbthebfemalebline.b
hebsea o Eachbtribebkeptbtheirbindependence,bbutbmetboccasionallybtobdiscuss
levelbrosebandbsealedbitboff;bthusbpopulatingbthebAmericas.b bmattersbofbcommonbinterest,blikebwar/defense.b
o ThebLandbBridgebisbsaidbtobhaveboccurredbanbestimatedb35,000byea o Thisbwasbnotbthebnorm.bUsually,bIndiansbwerebscatteredbandbsepara
rsbago.b tedb(andbthusbweak).b
2. Manybpeoplesb 6. NativebAmericansbhadbabverybdifferentbviewbofbthingsbasbcomparedbtobEurope
o ThosebgroupsbthatbtraversedbthebbridgebspreadbacrossbNorth,bCentr ans.b
al,bandbSouthbAmerica.b o NativebAmericansbfeltbnobmanbownedbthebland,bthebtribebdid.b(Europ
o Countlessbtribesbemergedbwithbanbestimatedb2,000blanguages.bNota eansblikedbprivatebproperty)b
bly:b o Indiansbfeltbnaturebwasbmixedbwithbmanybspirits.b(Europeansbwereb
▪ Incas:bPeru,bwithbelaboratebnetworkbofbroadsbandbbridgesblink Christianbandbmonotheistic)b
ingbtheirbempire.b o Indiansbfeltbnaturebwasbsacred.b(Europeansbfeltbnaturebandblandbwa
▪ Mayas:bYucatanbPeninsula,bwithbtheirbstepbpyramids.b s
▪ Aztecs:bMexico,bwithbstepbpyramidsbandbhugebsacrificesbofbc givenbtobmanbbybGodbinbGenesisbtobbebsubduedbandbputbtobuse).b
onqueredbpeoples.b o Indiansbhadblittleborbnobconceptborbinterestbinbmoney.b(Europeansblo
vedbmoneyborbgold)b
III.bThebEarliestbAmericansb
IV.bIndirectbDiscoverersbofbthebNewbWorldb
1. Developmentbofbcornborbmaizebaroundb5,000bB.C.binbMexicobwasbrevolutionar
ybinbthat:b 1. Theb1stbEuropeansbtobcomebtobAmericabwerebthebNorseb(VikingsbfrombNorwa
o Then,bpeoplebdidn'tbhavebtobbebhunter- y).b
gatherers,btheybcouldbsettlebdownbandbbebfarmers.b o Aroundb1000bAD,bthebVikingsblanded,bledbbybErikbthebRedbandbLeif
o Thisbfactbgavebrisebtobtownsbandbthenbcities.b bErikson.b
o CornbarrivedbinbthebpresentbdaybU.S.baroundb1,200bB.C.b o TheyblandedbinbNewfoundlandborbVinlandb(becausebofballbthebvine
2. PueblobIndiansb s).b
o ThebPueblosbwerebtheb1stbAmericanbcornbgrowers.b
, o However,bthesebmenbleftbAmericabandbleftbnobwrittenbrecordbandbthe 1. Ofbhugebimportancebwasbthebbiologicalbflip-flopbofbOldbandbNew
reforebdidn'tbgetbthebcredit.b Worlds.bSimplybput,bwebtradedblifebsuchbasbplants,bfoods,banimals,
o ThebonlybrecordbisbfoundbinbVikingbsagasborbsongs.b germs.b
2. ThebChristianbCrusadersbofbMiddlebAgesbfoughtbinbPalestinebto 2. ColumbianbExchange:b
regainbthebHolybLandbfrombMuslims.bThisbmixingbofbEastbandbWestbcreated o FrombthebNewbWorldb(America)btobthebOldb
absweet-toothbwherebEuropeansbwantedbthebspicesbofbthebexoticbEast.b ▪ corn,bpotatoes,btobacco,bbeans,bpeppers,bmanioc,bpumpkin,b
squash,btomato,bwildbrice,betc.b
V.bEuropeansbEnterbAfricab ▪ also,bsyphilisb
o FrombthebOldbWorldbtobthebNewb
▪ cows,bpigs,bhorses,bwheat,bsugarbcane,bapples,bcabbage,bcitr
1. MarcobPolobtraveledbtobChinabandbstirredbupbabstormbofbEuropeanbinterest.b
us,bcarrots,bKentuckybbluegrass,betc.b
2. Mixedbwithbdesirebforbspices,banbEastbtobWestb(AsiabtobEurope)
tradebflourishedbbutbhadbtobbeboverland,batbleastbinbpart.bThis ▪ devastatingbdiseasesb(smallpox,byellowbfever,bmalaria),basbI
initiatedbnewbexplorationbdownbaroundbAfricabinbhopesbofbanbeasierb(all ndiansbhadbnobimmunities.b
water)broute.b ▪ ThebIndiansbhadbnobimmunitiesbinbtheirbsystemsbbu
3. PortugalbliterallybstartedbabsailingbschoolbtobfindbbetterbwaysbtobgetbtobthebSpic iltbupboverbgenerations.b
ebIslands,beventuallybroundingbAfrica'sbsouthernbCapebofbGoodbHope.b ▪ Anbestimatedb90%bofballbpre-
4. Newbdevelopments:b ColumbusbIndiansbdied,bmostlybduebtobdisease.b
o caravel:babshipbwithbtriangularbsailbthatbcouldbbetterbtackb(zig-
zag)baheadbintobthebwindbandbthusbreturnbtobEuropebfrombAfricabcoa VIII.bThebSpanishbConquistadoresb
st.b
o compass:btobdeterminebdirection.b
o astrolabe:babsextantbgizmobthatbcouldbtellbabship'sblatitude.b 1. TreatybLinebofbTordesillasb1494:bPortugalbandbSpainbfeudedboverbwhobgotb
5. Slavebtradebbeginsb whatbland.bThebPopebdrewbthisblinebasbhebwasbrespectedbbybboth.b
o Theb1stbslavebtradebwasbacrossbthebSaharabDesert.b o TheblinebranbNorth-
o Later,bitbwasbalongbthebWestbAfricanbcoast.bSlavebtradersbpurposely South,bandbchoppedboffbthebBrazilianbcoastbofbSouthbAmericab
bustedbupbtribesbandbfamiliesbinborderbtobsquelchbanybpossiblebupris o Portugalbgotbeverythingbeastbofbtheblineb(Brazilbandblandbaround/und
ing.b erbAfrica)b
o SlavesbwoundbupbonbsugarbplantationsbthebPortuguesebhadbsetbupb o Spainbgotbeverythingbwestbofbtheblineb(whichbturnedboutbtobbebmuchb
onbthebtropicalbislandsboffbAfrica'sbcoast.b more,bthoughbtheybdidn'tbknowbitbatbthebtime)b
o SpainbwatchedbPortugal'sbsuccessbwithbexplorationbandbslavingband 2. Conquistadoresb=b"conquerors"•b
bwantedbabpiecebofbthebpie.b
o VascobBalboa:b"discovered"•bthebPacificbOceanbacrossbisthmusbof
bPanamab
o FerdinandbMagellan:bcircumnavigatesbthebglobeb(1stbtobdobso)b
VI.bColumbusbComesbuponbabNewbWorldb o PoncebdebLeon:btouchesbandbnamesbFloridablookingbforblegendaryb
FountainbofbYouthb
1. ChristopherbColumbusbconvincedbIsabellabandbFerdinandbtobfundbhisbexpe o HernandobCortes:bentersbFlorida,btravelsbupbintobpresentbdaybSout
dition.b heasternbU.S.,bdiesbandbisb"buried"•binbMississippibRiverb
2. HisbgoalbwasbtobreachbthebEastb(EastbIndies)bbybsailingbwest,bthusbbypassingbt o FranciscobPizarro:bconquersbIncanbEmpirebofbPeru
hebaround-AfricabroutebthatbPortugalbmonopolized.b andbbeginsbshippingbtonsbofbgold/silverbbackbtobSpain.bThisbhugebinf
3. HebmisjudgedbthebsizebofbthebEarthbthough,bthinkingbitb1/3bthebsizebofbwhatbitb lux
was.b ofbpreciousbmetalsbmadebEuropeanbpricesbskyrocketb(inflation).b
4. So,bafterb30bdaysborbsobatbsea,bwhenbhebstruckbland,bhebassumed o FranciscobCoronado:bventuredbintobcurrentbSouthwestbU.S.blookin
he'dbmadebitbtobthebEastbIndiesbandbthereforebmistookbthebpeoplebasb"Indians gbforblegendarybElbDorado,bcitybofbgold.bHebfoundbthebPueblobIndian
."b s.b
5. Thisbspawnedbthebfollowingbsystem:b 3. Encomiendabsystembestablishedb
o Europebwouldbprovidebthebmarket,bcapital,btechnology.b o Indiansbwereb"commended"•borbgivenbtobSpanishblandlordsb
o Africabwouldbprovidebtheblabor.b o ThebideabofbthebencomiendabwasbthatbIndiansbwouldbworkbandbbe
o ThebNewbWorldbwouldbprovidebthebrawbmaterialsb(gold,bsoil,blumber) convertedbtobChristianity,bbutbitbwasbbasicallybjustbslaverybonbabsuga
.b r
plantationbguisedbasbmissionarybwork.b
VII.bWhenbWorldsbCollideb
IX.bThebConquestbofbMexicob
, 1. HernandobCortezbconqueredbthebAztecsbatbTenochtitlan.b o KingbHenrybVIIIbbrokebwithbthebRomanbCatholicbChurchbinbtheb1530
2. CortezbwentbfrombCubabtobpresentbdaybVerabCruz,bthenbmarchedboverbmount sbandblaunchedbthebEnglishbProtestantbReformation.b
ainsbtobthebAztecbcapital.b o AfterbElizabethbIbbecamebqueen,bBritainbbecamebbasicallybProtestan
3. Montezuma,bAztecbking,bthoughtbCortezbmightbbebthe t,bandbabrivalrybwithbCatholicbSpainbintensified.b
godbQuetzalcoatlbwhobwasbduebtobre-appearbthebverybyear.bMontezuma o InbIreland,bthebCatholicsbsoughtbSpain’sbhelpbinbrevoltingbagainst
welcomedbCortezbintobTenochtitlan.b England,bbutbthebEnglishbcrushedbthebuprisingbwithbbrutalbatrocity,ba
4. ThebSpanishblustbforbgoldbledbMontezumabtobattackbonbthebnoche nd
triste,bsadbnight.bCortezbandbmenbfoughtbtheirbwaybout,bbutbitbwas developedbanbattitudebofbsneeringbcontemptbforbnatives.b
smallpoxbthatbeventuallybbeatbthebIndians.b
5. ThebSpanishbthenbdestroyedbTenochtitlan,bbuildingbthebSpanishbcapitalb(Mexic
obCity)bexactlybonbtopbofbthebAztecbcity.b II.bElizabethbEnergizesbEnglandb
6. Abnewbracebofbpeoplebemerged,bmestizos,babmixbofbSpanishbandbIndianbblood.
b
1. AfterbFrancisbDrakebpiratedbSpanishbshipsbforbgoldbthenbcircumnavigatedbtheb
globe,bElizabethbIbknightedbhimbonbhisbship.bObviously,bthisbrewardbangeredbt
X.bThebSpreadbofbSpanishbAmericab hebSpanishbwhobsoughtbrevenge.b
2. Meanwhile,bEnglishbattemptsbatbcolonizationbinbthebNewbWorldbfailedbembarra
1. SpanishbsocietybquicklybspreadbthroughbPerubandbMexicob ssingly.bNotablebofbthesebfailuresbwasbSirbWalterbRaleighbandbthebRoanokebI
2. Abthreatbcamebfrombneighbors:b slandbColony,bbetterbknownbasb“ThebLostbColony.”b
3. Seekingbtobgetbtheirbrevenge,bSpainbattackedbBritainbbutblostbinbthebSpanishb
o English:bJohnbCabotb(anbItalianbwhobsailedbforbEngland)btouchedbth
Armada’s
ebcoastbofbthebcurrentbdaybU.S.b
defeatbofb1588.bThisbopenedbthebdoorbforbBritainbtobcrossbthebAtlantic.
o France:bGiovannibdebVerrazanobalsobtouchedbonbthebNorthbAmeric TheybswarmedbtobAmericabandbtookboverbthebleadbinbcolonizationband
anbseaboard.b
power.b
o France:bJacquesbCartierbwentbintobmouthbofbSt.bLawrencebRiverb(C o VictorybalsobfueledbEnglandbtobnewbheightsbduebto…b
anada).b
3. Tobopposebthis,bSpainbsetbupbfortsb(presidios)ballboverbthebCaliforniabcoast.bAl ▪ Strongbgovernment/popularbmonarch,bmorebreligiousbunity,bab
sobcities,blikebSt.bAugustinebinbFlorida.b sensebofbnationalismb
4. DonbJuanbdebOnatebfollowedbCoronado'sboldbpath ▪ Goldenbagebofbliteratureb(Shakespeare)b
intobpresentbdaybNewbMexico.bHebconqueredbthebIndiansbruthlessly, ▪ BeginningbofbBritishbdominancebatbseab(whichblastsbuntilbU.S.
maimingbthembbybcuttingboffbonebfootbofbsurvivorsbjustbsobthey'd btopsbthem,baroundb1900)b
remember.b o BritainbandbSpainbfinallybsignedbabpeacebtreatybinb1604.b
5. Despitebmissionbefforts,bthebPueblobIndiansbrevoltedbinbPope'sbRebellion.b
6. RobertbdebLaSallebsailedbdownbthebMississippi
III.bEnglandbonbthebEvebofbthebEmpireb
RiverbforbFrancebclaimingbthebwholebregionbforbtheirbKingbLouisband
namingbthebareab"Louisiana"bafterbhisbking.bThisbstartedbabslewbof
place-namesbforbthatbarea,bfrombLaSalle,bIllinoisbtob"Louisville"•band 1. Inbtheb1500s,bBritain’sbpopulationbwasbmushrooming.b
thenbonbdownbtobNewbOrleansb(thebAmericanbcounterbofbJoanbofbArc's 2. Newbpolicybofbenclosureb(fencingbinbland)bforbfarming.bThisbmeantbtherebwasbl
famousbvictorybatbOrleans).b essborbnoblandbforbthebpoor.b
7. BlackbLegend:bThebBlackbLegendbwasbthebnotionbthat 3. Thebwoolenbdistrictsbfellbuponbhardbtimesbeconomically.bThisbmeantbthebworke
Spaniardsbonlybbroughtbbadbthingsb(murder,bdisease,bslavery);bthough rsblostbjobs.b
true,btheybalsobbroughtbgoodbthingsbsuchbasblawbsystems,barchitecture, 4. Traditionbofbprimogenitureb=b1stbbornbsonbinherits
Christianity,blanguage,bcivilization,bsobthatbthebBlackbLegendbis ALLbfather’sbland.bTherefore,byoungerbsonsbofbrichbfolkb(whobcouldn’t
partly,bbutbnotbentirely,baccurate.b inheritbmoney)btriedbtheirbluckbwithbfortunesbelsewhere,blikebAmerica.b
5. Bybtheb1600s,bthebjoint-
stockbcompanybwasbperfectedb(investorsbputbmoneybintobthebcompanybwithbh
Chapterb02b-bThebPlantingbofbEnglishbAmerica
opesbforbabgoodbreturn),bbeingbabforerunnerbofbtoday’sbcorporations.b
I.bEngland’sbImperialbStirringsb
IV.bEnglandbPlantsbtheb**JamestownbSeedling**b
1. NorthbAmericabinb1600bwasblargelybunclaimed,bthoughbthebSpanishbhadbmuch
1. Inb1606,bthebVirginiabCompanybreceivedbabcharterbfrombKingbJamesbIbtobmak
bcontrolbinbCentralbandbSouthbAmerica.b
ebabsettlementbinbthebNewbWorld.b
2. SpainbhadbonlybsetbupbSantabFe,bwhilebFrancebhadbfoundedbQuebecbandbBrit
ainbhadbfoundedbJamestown.b o Suchbjoint-stockbcompaniesbusuallybdidbnotbexistblong,bas
3. Inbtheb1500s,bBritainbfailedbtobeffectivelybcolonizebduebtobinternalbconflicts.b stockholdersbinvestedbhopesbtobformbthebcompany,bturnbabprofit,ban
, d 1. Jamestown’sbgoldbisbfoundbandbitbisbtobacco.b
thenbquicklybsellbforbprofitbabfewbyearsblater.b o Rolfe’sbsweetbtobaccobwasbsoughtbasbabcashbcropbbybEurope.bJame
2. ThebcharterbofbthebVirginiabCompanybguaranteedbsettlersbthebsamebrightsbasb stownbhadbfoundbitsbgold.b
EnglishmenbinbBritain.b o Tobaccobcreatedbabgreedbforbland,bsincebitbheavilybdepletedbthebsoil
3. OnbMayb24,b1607,baboutb100bEnglishbsettlersbdisembarkedbfrombtheirbshipban bandbruinedbthebland.b
dbfoundedbJamestown.b 2. Representativebself-governmentbwasbbornbinbVirginia,bwhenbinb1619,
o Fortybcolonistsbhadbperishedbduringbthebvoyage.b settlersbcreatedbthebHousebofbBurgesses,babcommitteebtobworkboutblocal
o Problemsbemergedbincludingb(a)bthebswampybsitebofbJamestownbme issues.bThisbsetbAmericabonbabself-rulebpathway.b
ant 3. ThebfirstbAfricanbAmericansbtobarrivebinbAmericabalsobcamebinb1619.bIt’sbuncle
poorbdrinkingbwaterbandbmosquitoesbcausingbmalariabandbyellowbfev arbifbtheybwerebslavesborbindenturedbservants.b
er.
(b)bmenbwastedbtimeblookingbforbgoldbratherbthanbdoingbusefulbtasks
VII.bMaryland:bCatholicbHavenb
(diggingbwells,bbuildingbshelter,bplantingbcrops),b(c)btherebwerebzero
womenbonbthebinitialbship.b
o Itbdidn’tbhelpbthatbabsupplybshipbshipwreckedbinbthebBahamasbinb160 1. ReligiousbDiversityb
9beither.b o Foundedbinb1634bbybLordbBaltimore,bMarylandbwasbthebsecondbplan
4. Luckily,binb1608,babCaptainbJohnbSmithbtookboverbcontrolbandbwhippedbthebc tationbcolonybandbthebfourthboverallbcolonybtobbebformed.b
olonistsbintobshape.b o ItbwasbfoundedbtobbebabplacebforbpersecutedbCatholicsbtobfindbrefug
o Atbonebpoint,bhebwasbkidnappedbbyblocalbIndiansbandbforcedbintobab e,babsafebhaven.b
mockbexecutionbbybthebchiefbPowhatanbandbhadbbeenb“saved”bbybP o LordbBaltimorebgavebhugebestatesbtobhisbCatholicbrelatives,bbutbthe
owhatan’sbdaughter,bPocahontas.b poorerbpeoplebwhobsettledbtherebwherebmostlybProtestant,bcreating
o ThebactbwasbmeantbtobshowbthatbPowhatanbwantedbpeacefulbrelatio friction.b
nsbwithbthebcolonists.b 2. However,bMarylandbprosperedbwithbtobacco.b
o JohnbSmith’sbmainbcontributionbwasbthatbhebgaveborderbandbdiscipli 3. Itbhadbablotbofbindenturedbservants.b
ne,bhighlightedbbybhisb“nobwork,bnobfood”bpolicy.b o Onlybinbtheblaterbyearsbofbtheb1600sb(inbMarylandbandbVirginia)bdidb
5. Colonistsbhadbtobeatbcats,bdogs,brats,bevenbotherbpeople.bOnebfellowbwrotebofb Blackbslaverybbeginbtobbecomebpopular.b
eatingb“powderedbwife.”b 4. Maryland’sbstatute,bthebActbofbToleration,
6. Finally,binb1610,babreliefbpartybheadedbbybLordbDebLabWarrbarrivedbtoballeviat guaranteedbreligiousbtolerationbtoballbChristians,bbutbdecreedbthe
ebthebsuffering.b deathbpenaltybtobJewsbandbatheistsbandbothersbwhobdidn’tbbelievebinbthe
7. Byb1625,boutbofbanboriginalboverallbtotalbofb8,000bwould- divinitybofbJesusbChrist.b
bebsettlers,bonlyb1,200bhadbsurvived.b
VIII.bThebWestbIndies:bWaybStationbtobMainlandbAmericab
V.bCulturalbClashbinbthebChesapeakeb
1. AsbthebBritishbwerebcolonizingbVirginia,btheybwerebalsobsettlingbintobthebWestbI
1. Atbfirst,bPowhatanbpossiblybconsideredbthebnewbcolonistsbpotential ndiesb(Spain’sbdecliningbpowerbopenedbthebdoor).b
alliesbandbtriedbtobbebfriendlybwithbthem,bbutbasbtimebpassedband 2. Bybmid-
colonistsbraidedbIndianbfoodbsupplies,brelationsbdeterioratedband 1600s,bEnglandbhadbsecuredbclaimbtobseveralbWestbIndiesbislands,bincludingbJ
eventually,bwarboccurred.b amaicabinb1655.b
2. ThebFirstbAnglo- 3. Theybgrewblotsbofbsugarbonbbrutalbplantationsbthere.b
PowhatanbWarbendedbinb1614bwithbabpeacebsettlementbsealedbbybthebmarria 4. ThousandsbofbAfricanbslavesbwerebneededbtoboperatebsugar
gebofbPocahontasbtobcolonistbJohnbRolfe.bRolfeb&bPocahontasbnurturedbabfav plantations.bAtbfirst,bIndiansbwerebintendedbtobbebused,bbutbdisease
orablebflavorbofbsweetbtobacco.b killedbanbestimatedb90%bofballbNativebAmericans.bSo,bAfricansbwere
3. Eightbyearsblater,binb1622,bthebIndiansbstruckbagainbwithbabseries broughtbin.b
ofbattacksbthatbleftb347bsettlers,bincludingbJohnbRolfe,bdead.b 5. Tobcontrolbsobmanybslaves,b“codes”bwerebsetbupbthatbdefinedbthe
4. ThebSecondbAnglo- legalbstatusbofbslavesbandbthebrightsbofbthebmasters.bTheybwere
PowhatanbWarbbeganbinb1644,bendedbinb1646,bandbeffectivelybbanishedbtheb typicallybstrictbandbexactedbseverebpunishmentsbforboffenders.b
ChesapeakebIndiansbfrombtheirbancestralblands.b
5. Afterbthebsettlersbbeganbtobgrowbtheirbownbfood,bthebIndiansbwerebuseless,ban
IX.bColonizingbthebCarolinasb
dbwerebthereforebbanished.b
1. InbEngland,bKingbCharlesbIbhadbbeenbbeheaded.bOliverbCromwellbhad
VI.bVirginia:bChildbofbTobaccob
ruledbforbtenbverybstrictbyearsbbeforebtiredbEnglishmenbrestoredbCharlesbIIbtobt
Spanish).bPueblosbarebvillagesbofbcubiclebshapedbadobebhouses,bst
Chapterb01b-bNewbWorldbBeginnings acked
onebonbtopbthebotherbandboftenbbeneathbcliffs.b
o Theybhadbelaboratebirrigationbsystemsbtobdrawbwaterbawaybfrombrive
I.bThebShapingbofbNorthbAmericab rsbtobgrownbcorn.b
3. MoundbBuildersb
1. Recordedbhistorybbeganb6,000byearsbago.bItbwasb500byearsbagobthatbEuropea o Thesebpeoplebbuiltbhugebceremonialbandbburialbmoundsbandbwerebl
nsbsetbfootbonbthebAmericasbtobbeginbcolonizationb ocatedbinbthebOhiobValley.b
2. ThebtheorybofbPangaeabexistsbsuggestingbthatbthe o Cahokia,bnearbEastbSt.bLouisbtoday,bheldb40,000bpeople.b
continentsbwereboncebnestledbtogetherbintobonebmega-continent.bThey 4. EasternbIndiansb
thenbspreadboutbasbdriftingbislands.b o EasternbIndiansbgrewbcorn,bbeans,bandbsquashbinbthreebsisterbfarm
3. GeologicbforcesbofbcontinentalbplatesbcreatedbthebAppalachianbandbRockybMo ing:b
untains.b ▪ Cornbgrewbinbabstalkbprovidingbabtrellisbforbbeans,bbeansbgre
4. ThebGreatbIcebAgebthrustbdownboverbNorthbAmericab&bscouredbthebpresentbda wbup
ybAmericanbMidwest.b thebstalk,bsquash'sbbroadbleavesbkeptbthebsunboffbthebgro
undbandbthus
keptbthebmoisturebinbthebsoil.b
II.bPeoplingbthebAmericasb
▪ Thisbgroupblikelybhadbthebbestb(mostbdiverse)bdietbofballbNorth
bAmericanbIndiansbandbisbtypifiedbbybthebCherokee,bCree
1. ThebLandbBridgebtheory.b k,bChoctawb(South)bandbIroquoisb(North).b
o AsbthebGreatbIcebAgebdiminished,bsobdidbthebglaciersboverbNorthbA 5. IroquoisbConfederationb
merica.b o Hiawathabwasbtheblegendarybleaderbofbthebgroup.b
o ThebtheorybholdsbthatbabLandbBridgebemerged o ThebIroquoisbConfederationbwasbabgroupbofb5btribesbinbNewbYorkbst
linkingbAsiab&bNorthbAmericabacrossbwhatbisbnowbknownbasbthebBer ate.b
ing o Theybwerebmatrilinealbasbauthoritybandbpossessionsbpassedbdownbt
Sea.bPeoplebwerebsaidbtobhavebwalkedbacrossbtheb"bridge"bbeforebt hroughbthebfemalebline.b
hebsea o Eachbtribebkeptbtheirbindependence,bbutbmetboccasionallybtobdiscuss
levelbrosebandbsealedbitboff;bthusbpopulatingbthebAmericas.b bmattersbofbcommonbinterest,blikebwar/defense.b
o ThebLandbBridgebisbsaidbtobhaveboccurredbanbestimatedb35,000byea o Thisbwasbnotbthebnorm.bUsually,bIndiansbwerebscatteredbandbsepara
rsbago.b tedb(andbthusbweak).b
2. Manybpeoplesb 6. NativebAmericansbhadbabverybdifferentbviewbofbthingsbasbcomparedbtobEurope
o ThosebgroupsbthatbtraversedbthebbridgebspreadbacrossbNorth,bCentr ans.b
al,bandbSouthbAmerica.b o NativebAmericansbfeltbnobmanbownedbthebland,bthebtribebdid.b(Europ
o Countlessbtribesbemergedbwithbanbestimatedb2,000blanguages.bNota eansblikedbprivatebproperty)b
bly:b o Indiansbfeltbnaturebwasbmixedbwithbmanybspirits.b(Europeansbwereb
▪ Incas:bPeru,bwithbelaboratebnetworkbofbroadsbandbbridgesblink Christianbandbmonotheistic)b
ingbtheirbempire.b o Indiansbfeltbnaturebwasbsacred.b(Europeansbfeltbnaturebandblandbwa
▪ Mayas:bYucatanbPeninsula,bwithbtheirbstepbpyramids.b s
▪ Aztecs:bMexico,bwithbstepbpyramidsbandbhugebsacrificesbofbc givenbtobmanbbybGodbinbGenesisbtobbebsubduedbandbputbtobuse).b
onqueredbpeoples.b o Indiansbhadblittleborbnobconceptborbinterestbinbmoney.b(Europeansblo
vedbmoneyborbgold)b
III.bThebEarliestbAmericansb
IV.bIndirectbDiscoverersbofbthebNewbWorldb
1. Developmentbofbcornborbmaizebaroundb5,000bB.C.binbMexicobwasbrevolutionar
ybinbthat:b 1. Theb1stbEuropeansbtobcomebtobAmericabwerebthebNorseb(VikingsbfrombNorwa
o Then,bpeoplebdidn'tbhavebtobbebhunter- y).b
gatherers,btheybcouldbsettlebdownbandbbebfarmers.b o Aroundb1000bAD,bthebVikingsblanded,bledbbybErikbthebRedbandbLeif
o Thisbfactbgavebrisebtobtownsbandbthenbcities.b bErikson.b
o CornbarrivedbinbthebpresentbdaybU.S.baroundb1,200bB.C.b o TheyblandedbinbNewfoundlandborbVinlandb(becausebofballbthebvine
2. PueblobIndiansb s).b
o ThebPueblosbwerebtheb1stbAmericanbcornbgrowers.b
, o However,bthesebmenbleftbAmericabandbleftbnobwrittenbrecordbandbthe 1. Ofbhugebimportancebwasbthebbiologicalbflip-flopbofbOldbandbNew
reforebdidn'tbgetbthebcredit.b Worlds.bSimplybput,bwebtradedblifebsuchbasbplants,bfoods,banimals,
o ThebonlybrecordbisbfoundbinbVikingbsagasborbsongs.b germs.b
2. ThebChristianbCrusadersbofbMiddlebAgesbfoughtbinbPalestinebto 2. ColumbianbExchange:b
regainbthebHolybLandbfrombMuslims.bThisbmixingbofbEastbandbWestbcreated o FrombthebNewbWorldb(America)btobthebOldb
absweet-toothbwherebEuropeansbwantedbthebspicesbofbthebexoticbEast.b ▪ corn,bpotatoes,btobacco,bbeans,bpeppers,bmanioc,bpumpkin,b
squash,btomato,bwildbrice,betc.b
V.bEuropeansbEnterbAfricab ▪ also,bsyphilisb
o FrombthebOldbWorldbtobthebNewb
▪ cows,bpigs,bhorses,bwheat,bsugarbcane,bapples,bcabbage,bcitr
1. MarcobPolobtraveledbtobChinabandbstirredbupbabstormbofbEuropeanbinterest.b
us,bcarrots,bKentuckybbluegrass,betc.b
2. Mixedbwithbdesirebforbspices,banbEastbtobWestb(AsiabtobEurope)
tradebflourishedbbutbhadbtobbeboverland,batbleastbinbpart.bThis ▪ devastatingbdiseasesb(smallpox,byellowbfever,bmalaria),basbI
initiatedbnewbexplorationbdownbaroundbAfricabinbhopesbofbanbeasierb(all ndiansbhadbnobimmunities.b
water)broute.b ▪ ThebIndiansbhadbnobimmunitiesbinbtheirbsystemsbbu
3. PortugalbliterallybstartedbabsailingbschoolbtobfindbbetterbwaysbtobgetbtobthebSpic iltbupboverbgenerations.b
ebIslands,beventuallybroundingbAfrica'sbsouthernbCapebofbGoodbHope.b ▪ Anbestimatedb90%bofballbpre-
4. Newbdevelopments:b ColumbusbIndiansbdied,bmostlybduebtobdisease.b
o caravel:babshipbwithbtriangularbsailbthatbcouldbbetterbtackb(zig-
zag)baheadbintobthebwindbandbthusbreturnbtobEuropebfrombAfricabcoa VIII.bThebSpanishbConquistadoresb
st.b
o compass:btobdeterminebdirection.b
o astrolabe:babsextantbgizmobthatbcouldbtellbabship'sblatitude.b 1. TreatybLinebofbTordesillasb1494:bPortugalbandbSpainbfeudedboverbwhobgotb
5. Slavebtradebbeginsb whatbland.bThebPopebdrewbthisblinebasbhebwasbrespectedbbybboth.b
o Theb1stbslavebtradebwasbacrossbthebSaharabDesert.b o TheblinebranbNorth-
o Later,bitbwasbalongbthebWestbAfricanbcoast.bSlavebtradersbpurposely South,bandbchoppedboffbthebBrazilianbcoastbofbSouthbAmericab
bustedbupbtribesbandbfamiliesbinborderbtobsquelchbanybpossiblebupris o Portugalbgotbeverythingbeastbofbtheblineb(Brazilbandblandbaround/und
ing.b erbAfrica)b
o SlavesbwoundbupbonbsugarbplantationsbthebPortuguesebhadbsetbupb o Spainbgotbeverythingbwestbofbtheblineb(whichbturnedboutbtobbebmuchb
onbthebtropicalbislandsboffbAfrica'sbcoast.b more,bthoughbtheybdidn'tbknowbitbatbthebtime)b
o SpainbwatchedbPortugal'sbsuccessbwithbexplorationbandbslavingband 2. Conquistadoresb=b"conquerors"•b
bwantedbabpiecebofbthebpie.b
o VascobBalboa:b"discovered"•bthebPacificbOceanbacrossbisthmusbof
bPanamab
o FerdinandbMagellan:bcircumnavigatesbthebglobeb(1stbtobdobso)b
VI.bColumbusbComesbuponbabNewbWorldb o PoncebdebLeon:btouchesbandbnamesbFloridablookingbforblegendaryb
FountainbofbYouthb
1. ChristopherbColumbusbconvincedbIsabellabandbFerdinandbtobfundbhisbexpe o HernandobCortes:bentersbFlorida,btravelsbupbintobpresentbdaybSout
dition.b heasternbU.S.,bdiesbandbisb"buried"•binbMississippibRiverb
2. HisbgoalbwasbtobreachbthebEastb(EastbIndies)bbybsailingbwest,bthusbbypassingbt o FranciscobPizarro:bconquersbIncanbEmpirebofbPeru
hebaround-AfricabroutebthatbPortugalbmonopolized.b andbbeginsbshippingbtonsbofbgold/silverbbackbtobSpain.bThisbhugebinf
3. HebmisjudgedbthebsizebofbthebEarthbthough,bthinkingbitb1/3bthebsizebofbwhatbitb lux
was.b ofbpreciousbmetalsbmadebEuropeanbpricesbskyrocketb(inflation).b
4. So,bafterb30bdaysborbsobatbsea,bwhenbhebstruckbland,bhebassumed o FranciscobCoronado:bventuredbintobcurrentbSouthwestbU.S.blookin
he'dbmadebitbtobthebEastbIndiesbandbthereforebmistookbthebpeoplebasb"Indians gbforblegendarybElbDorado,bcitybofbgold.bHebfoundbthebPueblobIndian
."b s.b
5. Thisbspawnedbthebfollowingbsystem:b 3. Encomiendabsystembestablishedb
o Europebwouldbprovidebthebmarket,bcapital,btechnology.b o Indiansbwereb"commended"•borbgivenbtobSpanishblandlordsb
o Africabwouldbprovidebtheblabor.b o ThebideabofbthebencomiendabwasbthatbIndiansbwouldbworkbandbbe
o ThebNewbWorldbwouldbprovidebthebrawbmaterialsb(gold,bsoil,blumber) convertedbtobChristianity,bbutbitbwasbbasicallybjustbslaverybonbabsuga
.b r
plantationbguisedbasbmissionarybwork.b
VII.bWhenbWorldsbCollideb
IX.bThebConquestbofbMexicob
, 1. HernandobCortezbconqueredbthebAztecsbatbTenochtitlan.b o KingbHenrybVIIIbbrokebwithbthebRomanbCatholicbChurchbinbtheb1530
2. CortezbwentbfrombCubabtobpresentbdaybVerabCruz,bthenbmarchedboverbmount sbandblaunchedbthebEnglishbProtestantbReformation.b
ainsbtobthebAztecbcapital.b o AfterbElizabethbIbbecamebqueen,bBritainbbecamebbasicallybProtestan
3. Montezuma,bAztecbking,bthoughtbCortezbmightbbebthe t,bandbabrivalrybwithbCatholicbSpainbintensified.b
godbQuetzalcoatlbwhobwasbduebtobre-appearbthebverybyear.bMontezuma o InbIreland,bthebCatholicsbsoughtbSpain’sbhelpbinbrevoltingbagainst
welcomedbCortezbintobTenochtitlan.b England,bbutbthebEnglishbcrushedbthebuprisingbwithbbrutalbatrocity,ba
4. ThebSpanishblustbforbgoldbledbMontezumabtobattackbonbthebnoche nd
triste,bsadbnight.bCortezbandbmenbfoughtbtheirbwaybout,bbutbitbwas developedbanbattitudebofbsneeringbcontemptbforbnatives.b
smallpoxbthatbeventuallybbeatbthebIndians.b
5. ThebSpanishbthenbdestroyedbTenochtitlan,bbuildingbthebSpanishbcapitalb(Mexic
obCity)bexactlybonbtopbofbthebAztecbcity.b II.bElizabethbEnergizesbEnglandb
6. Abnewbracebofbpeoplebemerged,bmestizos,babmixbofbSpanishbandbIndianbblood.
b
1. AfterbFrancisbDrakebpiratedbSpanishbshipsbforbgoldbthenbcircumnavigatedbtheb
globe,bElizabethbIbknightedbhimbonbhisbship.bObviously,bthisbrewardbangeredbt
X.bThebSpreadbofbSpanishbAmericab hebSpanishbwhobsoughtbrevenge.b
2. Meanwhile,bEnglishbattemptsbatbcolonizationbinbthebNewbWorldbfailedbembarra
1. SpanishbsocietybquicklybspreadbthroughbPerubandbMexicob ssingly.bNotablebofbthesebfailuresbwasbSirbWalterbRaleighbandbthebRoanokebI
2. Abthreatbcamebfrombneighbors:b slandbColony,bbetterbknownbasb“ThebLostbColony.”b
3. Seekingbtobgetbtheirbrevenge,bSpainbattackedbBritainbbutblostbinbthebSpanishb
o English:bJohnbCabotb(anbItalianbwhobsailedbforbEngland)btouchedbth
Armada’s
ebcoastbofbthebcurrentbdaybU.S.b
defeatbofb1588.bThisbopenedbthebdoorbforbBritainbtobcrossbthebAtlantic.
o France:bGiovannibdebVerrazanobalsobtouchedbonbthebNorthbAmeric TheybswarmedbtobAmericabandbtookboverbthebleadbinbcolonizationband
anbseaboard.b
power.b
o France:bJacquesbCartierbwentbintobmouthbofbSt.bLawrencebRiverb(C o VictorybalsobfueledbEnglandbtobnewbheightsbduebto…b
anada).b
3. Tobopposebthis,bSpainbsetbupbfortsb(presidios)ballboverbthebCaliforniabcoast.bAl ▪ Strongbgovernment/popularbmonarch,bmorebreligiousbunity,bab
sobcities,blikebSt.bAugustinebinbFlorida.b sensebofbnationalismb
4. DonbJuanbdebOnatebfollowedbCoronado'sboldbpath ▪ Goldenbagebofbliteratureb(Shakespeare)b
intobpresentbdaybNewbMexico.bHebconqueredbthebIndiansbruthlessly, ▪ BeginningbofbBritishbdominancebatbseab(whichblastsbuntilbU.S.
maimingbthembbybcuttingboffbonebfootbofbsurvivorsbjustbsobthey'd btopsbthem,baroundb1900)b
remember.b o BritainbandbSpainbfinallybsignedbabpeacebtreatybinb1604.b
5. Despitebmissionbefforts,bthebPueblobIndiansbrevoltedbinbPope'sbRebellion.b
6. RobertbdebLaSallebsailedbdownbthebMississippi
III.bEnglandbonbthebEvebofbthebEmpireb
RiverbforbFrancebclaimingbthebwholebregionbforbtheirbKingbLouisband
namingbthebareab"Louisiana"bafterbhisbking.bThisbstartedbabslewbof
place-namesbforbthatbarea,bfrombLaSalle,bIllinoisbtob"Louisville"•band 1. Inbtheb1500s,bBritain’sbpopulationbwasbmushrooming.b
thenbonbdownbtobNewbOrleansb(thebAmericanbcounterbofbJoanbofbArc's 2. Newbpolicybofbenclosureb(fencingbinbland)bforbfarming.bThisbmeantbtherebwasbl
famousbvictorybatbOrleans).b essborbnoblandbforbthebpoor.b
7. BlackbLegend:bThebBlackbLegendbwasbthebnotionbthat 3. Thebwoolenbdistrictsbfellbuponbhardbtimesbeconomically.bThisbmeantbthebworke
Spaniardsbonlybbroughtbbadbthingsb(murder,bdisease,bslavery);bthough rsblostbjobs.b
true,btheybalsobbroughtbgoodbthingsbsuchbasblawbsystems,barchitecture, 4. Traditionbofbprimogenitureb=b1stbbornbsonbinherits
Christianity,blanguage,bcivilization,bsobthatbthebBlackbLegendbis ALLbfather’sbland.bTherefore,byoungerbsonsbofbrichbfolkb(whobcouldn’t
partly,bbutbnotbentirely,baccurate.b inheritbmoney)btriedbtheirbluckbwithbfortunesbelsewhere,blikebAmerica.b
5. Bybtheb1600s,bthebjoint-
stockbcompanybwasbperfectedb(investorsbputbmoneybintobthebcompanybwithbh
Chapterb02b-bThebPlantingbofbEnglishbAmerica
opesbforbabgoodbreturn),bbeingbabforerunnerbofbtoday’sbcorporations.b
I.bEngland’sbImperialbStirringsb
IV.bEnglandbPlantsbtheb**JamestownbSeedling**b
1. NorthbAmericabinb1600bwasblargelybunclaimed,bthoughbthebSpanishbhadbmuch
1. Inb1606,bthebVirginiabCompanybreceivedbabcharterbfrombKingbJamesbIbtobmak
bcontrolbinbCentralbandbSouthbAmerica.b
ebabsettlementbinbthebNewbWorld.b
2. SpainbhadbonlybsetbupbSantabFe,bwhilebFrancebhadbfoundedbQuebecbandbBrit
ainbhadbfoundedbJamestown.b o Suchbjoint-stockbcompaniesbusuallybdidbnotbexistblong,bas
3. Inbtheb1500s,bBritainbfailedbtobeffectivelybcolonizebduebtobinternalbconflicts.b stockholdersbinvestedbhopesbtobformbthebcompany,bturnbabprofit,ban
, d 1. Jamestown’sbgoldbisbfoundbandbitbisbtobacco.b
thenbquicklybsellbforbprofitbabfewbyearsblater.b o Rolfe’sbsweetbtobaccobwasbsoughtbasbabcashbcropbbybEurope.bJame
2. ThebcharterbofbthebVirginiabCompanybguaranteedbsettlersbthebsamebrightsbasb stownbhadbfoundbitsbgold.b
EnglishmenbinbBritain.b o Tobaccobcreatedbabgreedbforbland,bsincebitbheavilybdepletedbthebsoil
3. OnbMayb24,b1607,baboutb100bEnglishbsettlersbdisembarkedbfrombtheirbshipban bandbruinedbthebland.b
dbfoundedbJamestown.b 2. Representativebself-governmentbwasbbornbinbVirginia,bwhenbinb1619,
o Fortybcolonistsbhadbperishedbduringbthebvoyage.b settlersbcreatedbthebHousebofbBurgesses,babcommitteebtobworkboutblocal
o Problemsbemergedbincludingb(a)bthebswampybsitebofbJamestownbme issues.bThisbsetbAmericabonbabself-rulebpathway.b
ant 3. ThebfirstbAfricanbAmericansbtobarrivebinbAmericabalsobcamebinb1619.bIt’sbuncle
poorbdrinkingbwaterbandbmosquitoesbcausingbmalariabandbyellowbfev arbifbtheybwerebslavesborbindenturedbservants.b
er.
(b)bmenbwastedbtimeblookingbforbgoldbratherbthanbdoingbusefulbtasks
VII.bMaryland:bCatholicbHavenb
(diggingbwells,bbuildingbshelter,bplantingbcrops),b(c)btherebwerebzero
womenbonbthebinitialbship.b
o Itbdidn’tbhelpbthatbabsupplybshipbshipwreckedbinbthebBahamasbinb160 1. ReligiousbDiversityb
9beither.b o Foundedbinb1634bbybLordbBaltimore,bMarylandbwasbthebsecondbplan
4. Luckily,binb1608,babCaptainbJohnbSmithbtookboverbcontrolbandbwhippedbthebc tationbcolonybandbthebfourthboverallbcolonybtobbebformed.b
olonistsbintobshape.b o ItbwasbfoundedbtobbebabplacebforbpersecutedbCatholicsbtobfindbrefug
o Atbonebpoint,bhebwasbkidnappedbbyblocalbIndiansbandbforcedbintobab e,babsafebhaven.b
mockbexecutionbbybthebchiefbPowhatanbandbhadbbeenb“saved”bbybP o LordbBaltimorebgavebhugebestatesbtobhisbCatholicbrelatives,bbutbthe
owhatan’sbdaughter,bPocahontas.b poorerbpeoplebwhobsettledbtherebwherebmostlybProtestant,bcreating
o ThebactbwasbmeantbtobshowbthatbPowhatanbwantedbpeacefulbrelatio friction.b
nsbwithbthebcolonists.b 2. However,bMarylandbprosperedbwithbtobacco.b
o JohnbSmith’sbmainbcontributionbwasbthatbhebgaveborderbandbdiscipli 3. Itbhadbablotbofbindenturedbservants.b
ne,bhighlightedbbybhisb“nobwork,bnobfood”bpolicy.b o Onlybinbtheblaterbyearsbofbtheb1600sb(inbMarylandbandbVirginia)bdidb
5. Colonistsbhadbtobeatbcats,bdogs,brats,bevenbotherbpeople.bOnebfellowbwrotebofb Blackbslaverybbeginbtobbecomebpopular.b
eatingb“powderedbwife.”b 4. Maryland’sbstatute,bthebActbofbToleration,
6. Finally,binb1610,babreliefbpartybheadedbbybLordbDebLabWarrbarrivedbtoballeviat guaranteedbreligiousbtolerationbtoballbChristians,bbutbdecreedbthe
ebthebsuffering.b deathbpenaltybtobJewsbandbatheistsbandbothersbwhobdidn’tbbelievebinbthe
7. Byb1625,boutbofbanboriginalboverallbtotalbofb8,000bwould- divinitybofbJesusbChrist.b
bebsettlers,bonlyb1,200bhadbsurvived.b
VIII.bThebWestbIndies:bWaybStationbtobMainlandbAmericab
V.bCulturalbClashbinbthebChesapeakeb
1. AsbthebBritishbwerebcolonizingbVirginia,btheybwerebalsobsettlingbintobthebWestbI
1. Atbfirst,bPowhatanbpossiblybconsideredbthebnewbcolonistsbpotential ndiesb(Spain’sbdecliningbpowerbopenedbthebdoor).b
alliesbandbtriedbtobbebfriendlybwithbthem,bbutbasbtimebpassedband 2. Bybmid-
colonistsbraidedbIndianbfoodbsupplies,brelationsbdeterioratedband 1600s,bEnglandbhadbsecuredbclaimbtobseveralbWestbIndiesbislands,bincludingbJ
eventually,bwarboccurred.b amaicabinb1655.b
2. ThebFirstbAnglo- 3. Theybgrewblotsbofbsugarbonbbrutalbplantationsbthere.b
PowhatanbWarbendedbinb1614bwithbabpeacebsettlementbsealedbbybthebmarria 4. ThousandsbofbAfricanbslavesbwerebneededbtoboperatebsugar
gebofbPocahontasbtobcolonistbJohnbRolfe.bRolfeb&bPocahontasbnurturedbabfav plantations.bAtbfirst,bIndiansbwerebintendedbtobbebused,bbutbdisease
orablebflavorbofbsweetbtobacco.b killedbanbestimatedb90%bofballbNativebAmericans.bSo,bAfricansbwere
3. Eightbyearsblater,binb1622,bthebIndiansbstruckbagainbwithbabseries broughtbin.b
ofbattacksbthatbleftb347bsettlers,bincludingbJohnbRolfe,bdead.b 5. Tobcontrolbsobmanybslaves,b“codes”bwerebsetbupbthatbdefinedbthe
4. ThebSecondbAnglo- legalbstatusbofbslavesbandbthebrightsbofbthebmasters.bTheybwere
PowhatanbWarbbeganbinb1644,bendedbinb1646,bandbeffectivelybbanishedbtheb typicallybstrictbandbexactedbseverebpunishmentsbforboffenders.b
ChesapeakebIndiansbfrombtheirbancestralblands.b
5. Afterbthebsettlersbbeganbtobgrowbtheirbownbfood,bthebIndiansbwerebuseless,ban
IX.bColonizingbthebCarolinasb
dbwerebthereforebbanished.b
1. InbEngland,bKingbCharlesbIbhadbbeenbbeheaded.bOliverbCromwellbhad
VI.bVirginia:bChildbofbTobaccob
ruledbforbtenbverybstrictbyearsbbeforebtiredbEnglishmenbrestoredbCharlesbIIbtobt
